174 KUBiACE^. (madder family.) 



2. G. uniflorum, Michx. Smooth ; stems mostly simple, slender, erect ; 

 leaves linear, acnte, rough on the margins, punctate beneath ; berry smooth, 

 black. — Dry rich soil, Ploiida to South Carolina, and westward. June and 

 July. — Stems numerous, 1° high. Flowers white. 



* * Fruit dry : peduncles commonhj 3 - many-flowered. 



3. G. trifldum, L. Stems slender, weak, smooth or rough-angled, at 

 length diffuse ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, unequal, varying from linear to spatu- 

 late-lanceolate, obtuse, smooth, or rough on the margins and midrib, the upper 

 ones often opposite; peduncles 1-3-flowered; corolla-lobes and stamens often 

 3; fruit smooth. (G. tinctorium, L.) — Wet places, Florida, and northward. 

 June and July. — Stems 1° - 2° long. Flowers white. Plant dries black. 



4. G. triflorum, Michx. Stems weak, diffuse, very rough ; leaves 4-6 

 in a whorl, lanceolate or elliptical, cuspidate, the upper surface and veins be- 

 neath hispid ; peduncles mostly 3-flowered ; fruit densely uncinate-hispid. — 

 Low shaded places, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. July. — Stems 

 2° - 3° long. Flowers greenish-white. A smoother form is G. cuspidatum, 

 Muhl. 



5. G. pilosum, Ait. Stems rigid, hairy or roughened on the angles, 

 branching ; leaves small (4" - 8"), 4 in a whorl, oval, slightly pointed, more or 

 less hairy and roughened, dotted ; peduncles 2-3 times forking ; fruit pedicelled, 

 bristly with hooked hairs. (G. Bermudianum, Ell , apparently a diseased state.) 

 — Dry soil, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. June-Sept. — Stem l°-3° 

 long. Flowers purple. 



6. G. circaezans, Michx. Stems erect, smooth or nearly so ; leaves large 

 (I'-l^'), 4 in a whorl, oval, mostly obtuse, 3-nerved, pubescent; peduncles 

 forking, then spreading and spike-like ; fruit bristly with hooked liairs, nearly 

 sessile, nodding. — Dry open woods, Florida to Mississippi, and northward. 

 July. — Stems several, sparingly branched, 1° high. Flowers purple. 



7. G. latifolium, Michx. Stems erect, smooth ; leaves thin, 4 in a whorl, 

 ovate-lanceolate, acute, smooth, 3-nerved, dotted^ minutely fringed on the mar- 

 gins ; peduncles filiform, 2-3 times forking; fruit smooth. — Mountains of 

 North Carolina, and northward. July. — Stems l°-lj° high. Leaves 1'- 2' 

 long. Flowers purple. 



2. SPERMACOCE, L. 



Calyx 2 - 4-parted, persistent. Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, 4-lobed, 

 valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted on the throat of the corolla. Stigma 

 simple or 2-cleft. Fruit composed of two 1 -seeded carpels, separating from the 

 apex downward, one of them closed by the partition, the other open. Seeds 

 grooved on the inner face. — Low herbs. Leaves obliquely straight-veined, 

 their bases connected by tlie bristly-fringed sheathing stipules. Flowers small, 

 in axillary sessile clusters. 



1. S. glabra, Michx. Stem 4-angled, smooth, erect ; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblong, acute, roughened on the margins and veins beneath ; clusters globose, 



