188 coMPOsiTiE. (composite family.) 



shaped ; scales ovate, acute, fringed. — Dry rich woods. Middle Florida. June 

 and July. — Stem 2° - 3° high. 



3. V. Noveboracensis, Willd. Stem more or less pubescent, branched 

 above ; leaves lanceolate, serrate, mostly roughish above, smooth or pubescent 

 beneath ; corymbs spreading ; involucre hemispherical, the scales fringed, ovate, 

 ending in a long filiform point, or simply acute. (V. tomentosa. Ell. V. prse- 

 alta, Willd.) — River-banks and low ground, Florida to Mississippi, and north- 

 ward. July- Sept. — Stem 3° -6° high. Scales of the involucre purple, and 

 usually covered with web-like hairs. 



4. V. fasciculata, Michx., var. altiSSima, Torr. & Gray. Stem tall, 

 and, like the lanceolate serrate leaves, smoothish ; involucre small, hemispheri- 

 cal; the scales ovate, acute or mucronate, fringed, apprcssed. (V. altissima, 

 Nutt.) — Low ground, Florida to North Carolina, and westward. September. 

 — Stem 6° - ] 0° high. Leaves 6' - 1 2' long. 



5. V. angustifolia, Michx. Stem slender, smooth or hairy, very leafy ; 

 leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, smoothish, or pubescent and roughish, the low- 

 est ones sparingly denticulate, the upper entire, with the margins revolute ; cor- 

 ymbs mostly umbel-like; involucre bell-shaped; the scales lanceolate, fringed, 

 acute or conspicuously mucronate. (V. scaberrima, Nutt.) — Dry pine barrens, 

 Florida to North Carolina, and westward. June - August. — Stem 2° - 3° high. 



2. STOKESIA, L'ller. 



Heads many-flowered ; the marginal flowers much larger, deeply split on the 

 inside, and ray-like. Involucre subglobose, bracted, the outer scales prolonged 

 into a leafy bristly-fringed appendage, the inner ones lanceolate and entire. Re- 

 ceptacle naked. Achenia short, 3-4-anglcd, smooth. Pappus composed of 

 4-.^filifonn chaffy deciduous scales. — A sparingly branched downy-stemmed 

 perenoifil. Leaves smooth, lanceolate, entire, the upper ones sessile, and, like 

 the bracts, fringed at the base, the lowest narrowed into a slender petiole. Heads 

 few or solitary, largo, terminal. Flowers blue. 



1. S. oyanea, L'Her. — Wet pine barrens, South Carolina, and westward, 

 very rare. — Stems 1° - li° high. Heads 1' wide. 



3. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. Elephant's-foot. 



Heads 3-5-flowered, crowded in terminal 3-bracted clusters. Flowers all 

 equal and similar. Involucre compressed ; scales 8, in 2 rows, dry, oblong, 

 acute, dotted. Receptacle naked. Corolla deeply split on one side, palmate. 

 Achenium oblong,' ribbed, hairy. Pappus bristly from a dilated base, double or 

 single. — Erect hairy corymbose-branched perennials, with alternate ample leaves, 

 and purple or white flowers. 



1. E. Carolinianus, Willd. Stem leafy, hairy; leaves thin, oval or 

 oblong, iacurved-serrate, hairy, tapering into a petiole ; bracts ovate, longer 



