THE BIRDS 
NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 
By Rosert Ripeway, 
Curator, Division of Birds. 
Part VILL 
Order CHARADRIIFORMES. 
PLOVER-LIKE BIRDS. 
>Charadriornithes FirprinaEr, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (in- 
cludes Otides=Gruiformes part). 
>Aegialornithes FiRBRINGER, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (includes 
Otides). 
>Charadriiformes FURBRINGER, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (in- 
cludes Otides).—Suarrr, Review Rec. At. Classif. Birds, 1891, 72; Hand- 
list, i, 1899, xv, 144 (includes Otides).—Gapow, in Bronn’s Thier-Reichs, 
Vég., ii, 1893, 194, 300; Classif. Vertebr., 1898, xv, 35 (excludes Otides; 
includes Pterocles and Columbiformes).—OseEruHo.serR, Outl. Classif. N. 
Am. Birds, 1905, 2 (includes Columbiformes).—Know tron, Birds of the 
World, 1909, 49, 350 (includes Pterocles and Columbiformes). 
<Laro-Limicolae FURBRINGER, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (excludes 
Jacani and Gidicnemi).—OBERHOLSER, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2 
(excludes Alcze).—Knowuron, Birds of the World, 1909, 49 (Limicolae+ 
Lari). 
=Laro-Limicolae Gapow, in Bronn’s Thier-Reichs, Vég., ii, 1893, 195. 
<Charadriti Firprincer, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (excludes 
Jacani and Cidicnemi). 
>Limicole Garrop, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, 117 (includes Gruide.). 
<Limicole Bepparp, Struct. and Classif. Birds, 1898, 336 (excludes Alce). 
<Gavizx SrEBoum, Classif. Birds, 1890, vii, xi, 37 (excludes Alce). 
=Pluviales Steinecer, Standard Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 65, in text. 
Limicoline, aquatic or (rarely) pratincoline schizognathous birds 
with dorsal vertebre opisthocelous, lachrymals firmly united with 
prefrontals, oil gland tufted, flexor tendons of Type I, syrinx tracheo- 
bronchial, and secondaries aquincubital. 
Skull schizognathous (aegithognathous in Thinocoryces); nares 
usually schizorhinal (holorhinal in G@idicnemi, Dromades, Chionides, 
and Pluvianus, pseudo-holorhinal in Thinocoryces); basipterygoid 
40017—18—Bull. 50, pt 8——2 1 
