BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 3 
6. Hypotarsus simple (with grooves but without canals); coracoids in contact 
(except in Stercorariide); supraorbital glands present, large; basipterygoid. 
processes absent or vestigial; occipital foramina absent; furcula with a. 
hypocleideum; adult downs on both pteryle and apteria; bill and tarsus rela- 
tively short and stout; anterior toes usually fully webbed (never cleft); 
young pseudo-nidifugous (nearly nidicolous); habits aquatic ...Lari (p. 447). 
-a. Heemapophyses of dorsal vertebre conspicuously developed; coracoids without a 
subclavicular process, the ectepicondylar process minute or absent; sternum 
relatively long and narrow, the metasternum rounded and projecting beyond 
the postero-lateral processes; clavicle connected with acrocoracoid only; pelvis 
laterally compressed; first digit of manus absent; thigh-muscle formula 
without Y, usually without B, the ambiens always absent; biceps slip and 
tensores patagii peculiar (distinctive); intestinal convolutions of more numer- 
ous loops (not less than 6); dorsal pteryla not interrupted; caeca absent or 
rudimentary; -wings short, the flight rapid but not bouyant; legs inserted far 
backward roprcuhon prcedecqece cited cen lt Selil hnd p eaha te ected Alez (p. 700). 
Suborder LIMICOLA. 
SHORE-BIRDS. 
=Limicole Barirp, Rep. Pacific R.R. Surv., ix, 1858, 688.—SciaTer and Satvin, 
Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, viii, 142.—Sctater, Ibis, 1880, 408.—Barrp, 
BreweER, and Ripeway, Water Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 107,—AmERICAN 
OrnitHoLocists’ Union, Check List, 1886, 145; 3rd ed., 1910, 107.—Rrpe- 
way, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 143; 2d ed., 1896, 143.—SHarpe, Cat. Birds 
Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, ix, 1—Gapow, Classif. Vertebr., 1898, 35.—SaLvin 
and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, iii, 1903, 338.—OBERHOLSER, Outl. 
Classif. N. Am., Birds, 1905, 2—Know tron, Birds of the World, 1909, 49, 351. 
=Charadriomorphe Huxtey, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 457. 
>Limicole Bepparp, Struct. and Classif. Birds, 1898, 336 (includes Lari!). 
<(Charadrii FirprincEr, Unters. Morph. Syst. Vég., ii, 1888, 1566 (Charadriidze+ 
Glareolidee+Dromadide; excludes Jacani, (Edicnemi, Chionides, and 
Thinocorythes). 
>Scolopacoidex SteEINEGER, Standard Nat. Hist., iv, 1885, 94, in text (includes 
Otides). 
Long-winged, usually long-legged, limicoline or cursorial (rarely 
aquatic) Charadriiformes with hypotarsus complex; coracoids usu- 
ally separated; supraorbital glands absent or small; basipterygoid 
processes usually present; occipital foramina usually present; fur- 
cula without hypocleideum; adult downs on pteryle only; bill and 
legs usually relatively long and slender; anterior toes usually cleft 
to base or incompletely webbed, and young typically nidifugous. 
The following characters are shared in common by the Limicole 
and Lari, as distinguished from the Alee: Hemapophyses of dorsal 
vertebre slightly or moderately developed; coracoid with a subclav- 
uiclar process, the ectepicondylar process well-developed (except in 
some Lari); sternum relatively short and broad, the metasternum 
not rounded and not projecting beyond the postero-lateral processes; 
clavicle connected with both praecoracoid and acrocoracoid; pelvis 
not laterally compressed; first digit of manus present; thigh-muscle 
formula with Y, usually with B; biceps slip and tensores patagii not 
