BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 11 
[Fulica] spinosa Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 152 (Cartagena, ” Colom- 
on based on Spur-winged water-hen Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, i, 1743, 48, 
pl. 48).@ 
Jacana spinosa Steynecer, Auk, ii, Oct., 1885, 338, in text.—Exuo7, Auk, v. 
1888, 297, part (monogr.; Guatemala; Honduras, Costa Rica); N. Am. Shore 
Birds, 1895, 215, pl. (frontispiece). -AmErtcan OrniTHoLocists’ Unton Com- 
MITTEE, Suppl. to Check List, 1889, 21, part; Check List, 2d ed., 1895, no. 288, 
part; 3d ed., 1910, 133, part.—Ricumonp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 531 
(Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua). 
J[acana] spinosa Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1896, 183, part. 
Jacana spinosa spinosa Topp, Ann. Carnegie Mus., x, Jan. 31, 1916, 220 (Central 
America; crit.).—Gmrtin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 2, 1789 708.—Larxam, Index 
Orn., ii, 1790, 763 (‘‘Cayenne”; “Brazil”. 
Asarcia spinosa Couzs, Auk. xiv, Jan., 1897, 83 (crit. nomencl.) 
[Parra] variabilis Linn mus, Syst. Nat., ed., 12, i, 1766, 260 (‘‘Cartagena,’’ Colom- 
bia; based on Spur-winged water-hen Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, i, 1743, 48 
pl. 48—basis also of Fulica spinosa of ed. 10; =young). 
Parra variabilis Vrewot, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., xvi, 1817, 450; Tabl. Enc. 
Méth., iii, 1823, 1055, pl. 60, no. 2. 
Asarcia variabilts SHarre, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, 86, part (Orange Walk 
and Belize River, Brit. Honduras; Huamachal and Lake Peten, Guatemala; 
Honduras; Momotombo and Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Costa Rica).— 
SaLvIn and Gopmav, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, iii, 1903, 342 (Orange Walk and 
Belize River, Brit. Honduras; Santa Ana Mixtan, Huamachal, Lake Peten, 
and Lake Amatitlin, Guatemala; Omoa, Truxillo, Tigre Island, and Lake 
Yojoa, Honduras; Greytown, Omotépe, Momotombo, Sucuya, Rio Escondido, 
and Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua; Las Trojas, Siquirres, Lake Ochomongo, 
Salitral de San Antonio, and La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; Divala, Pan- 
ama).—CarRIker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 424 (Tenorio, Barranca de 
Punta Arenas, Miravalles, and mouth of Rio Matina, Costa Rica; habits). 
[Asarcia] variabilis SHarpe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 169, part.—Forszs and Rosinson, 
Bull. Liverp. Mus., ii, 1899, 60 (Honduras; Lake Peten, Guatemala). 
Parra jacana (not of Linneus) StepHens, Gen. Zool., xii, i, 1824, 263, part. 
Parra gymnostoma (not of Wagler, 1831) ScuaterR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, 
283, part (Honduras; monogr.); 1858, 360 (Tigre Island, Honduras).—ScLaTER 
and Savin, Ibis, 1859, 231 (Peten, Santa Ana Mixtan, and Lake Amatitlan, 
Guatemala; Belize, Brit. Honduras; Omoa, Honduras).—Tayrtor, Ibis, 1860, 
314 (Tigre Island and Lake Yojoa, Honduras; habits)—Lawrence, Ann. 
Lyc. N. Y., viii, 1867, 184 (Greytown, Nicaragua).—Frantzius, Journ. fiir 
Orn., 1869, 375 (Costa Rica).—Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., i,.1878, 167, 
pl. 3, part (synonymy, descr., etc.).—Nurrine, Proc. U. §. Nat. Mus., v. 
1882, 409 (La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; habits); vi, 1884, 396 (Omotepe, 
Nicaragua; habits) —Barrp, Brewer, and Ripcway, Water Birds N. Am., 
i, 1884, 176, part. 
@ The only species of Jacana known to occur at or near Cartagena is J. nigra; never- 
theless, the bird described and figured by Edwards, upon which Linneus based his 
Fulica spinosa, was evidently this species, in transition (from juvenal to adult) plum- 
age. (See Elliot, Auk, v, 1888, 298, 299.) We must assume, therefore, either that 
Edwards was mistaken as to the locality of his bird or else that the present species 
may occasionally occur, as a straggler from the Isthmus, as far along the Colombian 
coast as Cartagena. Whether Cartagena was really the locality whence Edwards’ 
bird came or not, however, it becomes necessary to restrict the name spinosa to one 
or another of the three subspecies into which the species is divisible, as has been 
done by Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., x, 1916, 218, 219), who desig- 
nated Panama as the type locality. He should; however, have specified western 
Panama, since J. spinosa is known to occur only in the extreme western portion of 
the, Isthmus, being replaced from the Canal Zone eastward by J. nigra. 
