BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 29 
ff. Smaller, with longer middle toe; averaging: adult male: wing, 250.9; 
tail, 97.1; culmen, 82.1; greatest depth of bill, 12.2; tarsus, 51.7; 
middle toe, 42.1; adult female, wing, 253.5; tail, 97.7; culmen, 82; 
greatest depth of bill, 12.7; tarsus, 52.5; middle toe, 43.4; color of 
back, etc., averaging darker, white on wings more restricted, and 
under tail-coverts wholly white. (Galapagos Islands.) 
Heematopus palliatus galapagensis (p. 39). 
dd. Bill much smaller (exposed culmen 64.8 mm.); upper tail-coverts wholly 
dusky; greater wing-coverts more narrowly tipped with white; axillara 
mottled with grayish brown; legs and feet grayish yellow (in life). (Coast 
of Patagonia.) ...-....---.-..2---- Hematopus durnfordi ¢ (extralimital). 
cc. Back, scapulars, etc., deep blue-black, like head and neck; breast uniform 
blue-black; bill very slender, its greatest depth less than 10 (9-9.5 mm.). 
(Falkland Islands and coasts and islands of Straits of Magellan.) 
Heematopus leucopodus (extralimital).} 
aa. Plumage unicolored (wholly black or sooty); no white on wings or tail. 
b. Averaging smaller, with much narrower and less compressed bill (greatest depth 
12-14 mm.); breast dark sooty brown, like abdomen, etc.; legs and feet fleshy 
white and iris yellow in life. (Pacific coast of North America, from Lower 
California to Alaska.) .........2..--22222222200-- Heematopus bachmani (p. 40). 
bb. Averaging larger, with much deeper and more compressed bill (greatest depth 
15-16.5 mm.}; breast black, like head and neck; legs and feet greenish 
yellow and iris dark orange in life. (Pacific coast of South America from 
Peru southward, and oe and islands of Straits of Magellan to Falkland 
ASlANS.)eswiccoctewoc cred cemecanecmes wenn Heematopus ater (extralimital).¢ 
6 Hematopus palliatus (not of Temminck) Durnford, Ibis, 1878, 403 (Tambo Point, 
mouth of Chupat River, Patagonia, breeding); Sclater and Hudson, Orn. Argent., ii, 
1889, 176 (Tambo Point).—Hxematopus durnfordi Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 
1896, 117, pl. 6 (Tambo Point. Patagonia; coll. Brit. Mus.) 
I have not seen this form which, notwithstanding the statement that the color of 
the legs and feet is greenish yellow in life, seems to be very closely related to H. palli- 
atus frazari and H. p. galapagensis, and therefore possibly a subspecies of H. palliatus. 
It agrees with the subspecies mentioned in dark-colored upper parts, spotted breast, 
and restriction of white on wings, but has the last mentioned character more pro- 
nounced than in either of the others. 
> Hematopus leucopodus Garnot, Ann. des Sci. Nat. vii, 1826, 47 (Falkland Islands).— 
H{xzmatopus] leucopodus Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 182.—Ostralega 
leucopus Garnot and Lesson, Voy. Coquille, i, 1828, 721.—Hzmatopus leucopus Gray, 
List Birds Brit. Mus., Gralle, 1844, 72 (Tierra del Fuego); Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 
Mus., xxiv, 1896, 113, 730.—Hzmatopus luctuosus Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. 2, i, 
1829, 504.—Hematopus arcticus Jardine, ed. Wilson’s Am. Orn., iii, 1882, 35, pl. 64, 
fig. 2; Jardine and Selby, Illustr. Orn., 1833, pl. 125. 
¢ Hematopus ater Vieillot, Gal. Ois., ii, 1825, 88, pl. 230 (Straits of Magellan); 
Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 700; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 
Mus., xxiv, 1896, 121, 731.—Ostralega atra Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 548.— Hma- 
topus niger ater Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 109, foot- 
note.—[ Melanibyr] ater Heine and Reichenow, Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 237.— 
Hematopus townsendi Audubon, Birds Am., fol. ed., iii, 1830, pl. 427, fig. 3.—_Heema- 
topus townsendi Audubon, Orn. Biog., v. 1839, 247 (‘‘coast of Oregon’’; type now in 
coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.); Birds Am., 8vo. ed., v. 1842, 244, pl. 326. 
