BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 43 
=Arenariine AMERICAN OrNITHOLOGISTS Union, Check List, 1886, 164; 3rd ed., 
1910, 181.—SHarpz, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, ix, 90, 91; Hand-list, 
i, 1899, xv, 146.—Saxvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, iii, 1903, 345. 
= Arenaridae Suurewpt, Journ. Morph., ii, no. 2, Nov., 1888, 338. 
=Arenariide OBERHOLSER, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2. 
>Aphrizide Couns, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 605, in text —AMERICAN 
OrnitHoLoeists’ Union, Check List, 1886, 164; 3d ed., 1910, 131.—Rrpa- 
way, Orn. Illinois, ii, 1895, 18, 20. 
= Morinellide Matuews, Birds of Australia, iii, pt. i, April, 1913, 4. 
> Hematopodidae Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 689, 699.— 
Couzs, Key N. Am. Birds, 2d ed., 1884, 606. 
>Hexematopodinae Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 337. 
Medium-sized or rather small Charadrii with a well-developed 
though small hallux; regular transverse scutella on both acrotarsium 
and planta tarsi; no web or membrane between bases of anterior toes; 
subcuneate, compressed bill; slightly rounded tail, and thigh-muscle 
formula AXY, 
In possession of a distinct hallux, regular transverse scutella on 
the acrotarsium, and relatively stout feet, the Arenariidae agree with 
the Aphrizide and differ from the Charadriide and Hematopodide. 
In the scutellate planta tarsi and form of the bill, however, the 
Arenariide are peculiar, the latter being subcuneate in lateral pro- 
file, compressed and acute terminally, the upper outline nearly 
straight or sometimes even slightly concave, the lower outline being 
more convex, with the gonys ascending terminally. The thigh- 
muscle formula differs from that of the Hematopodide and Chara- 
driide, being AXY instead of ABXY. Unfortunately the thigh- 
muscle formula of the Aphrizide is unknown. 
The Turnstones comprise a single genus of only two species, one 
of which is nearly cosmopolitan in its range though breeding only 
far northward, the other peculiar to the Pacific coast of North 
America, 
Genus ARENARIA Brisson. 
Arenaria Brisson, Orn., v, 1760, 132. (Type, by tautonymy and monotypy, 
[Arenaria] arenaria Brisson=Tringa interpres Linneus.) 
Morinella Bartram, Trav. Carolina, etc.,1791, 294 (London ed., 1792, 292): Zim- 
merman, in Bartram, Reis. Nord- und Sud-Karolina, 1793, 291. (Type, by 
monotypy and tautonymy, M. americana Zimmerman=Tringa morinella 
Linneus. See Mathews, Auk, xxxi, 1914, 89, 91.) 
Morinella Meyer and Wotr, Taschenb. Vég. Deutschl., ii, 1810, 383. (Type, by 
monotypy, Morinella collaris Meyer=Tringa interpres Linneus.) 
Strepsilas% IttigeR, Prodromus Orn., 1811, 263. (Type, by subsequent designa- 
tion of Gray, 1840, Tringa interpres Linneus.) 
Cinclus ‘‘Moehr[ing]’”’ (not of Borkhausen, 1797 nor Bechstein, 1802) Gray, List 
Gen. and Subgen. Birds, 2d ed., 1841, 85. (Type, by original designation and 
monotypy, Tringa morinellus Linneus.) 
Morinellus ‘‘Ray” Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 70 (in synonymy of Strensilas). 
a orpederr, vertere, das, lapis. (Llliger.) 
