BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 45 
ARENARIA INTERPRES INTERPRES (Linneus). 
TURNSTONE, 
Adult male in breezing plumage.—A large spot at lateral base of bill, 
occupying greater part of loral region, a broad superciliary stripe 
(continued across fore part of crown, thus uniting the two of opposite 
sides), terminal portion of auricular region, posterior portion of sides 
of neck, chin, throat, and under parts posterior to chest, but includ- 
ing median portion of the last, white, the superciliary stripe and post- 
frontal band usually more or less streaked or flecked with black; a 
narrow band extending from base of culmen to anterior portion of 
eye, posterior portion of loral region, suborbital region, anterior part 
of auricular region, malar region, anterior portion of sides of neck, 
foreneck, upper chest and sides of chest black, all these areas con- 
fluent; pileum black, more or less broadly streaked with white 
{except sometimes on crown), the hindneck white, usually streaked 
with black; interscapular region black, usually with a median area 
{more or less broken) of dull cinnamon-rufous or hazel, the posterior 
scapulars mostly black, the anterior ones mostly, or in large part, dull 
cinnamon-rufous or hazel; lesser wing-coverts mostly plain dusky, 
the middle and greater coverts dusky centrally, broadly margined 
with pale grayish brown, sometimes intermixed or suffused with 
cinnamon; a patch of white involving innermost (proximal) wing- 
coverts and distal elongated posterior scapulars; greater coverts 
black, narrowly edged and broadly tipped with white; alula, primary 
coverts, and primaries dull black or dusky, the outer webs of five 
proximal primaries abruptly white basally, the shafts of all the 
primaries partly or wholly white; secondaries white basally, dusky 
edged with white terminally, the white increasing on innermost ones 
until finally wholly replacing the dusky; lower back, rump, and lateral 
and terminal upper tail-coverts immaculate white; central upper 
tail-coverts black; tail white basally, black distally, tipped, more or 
less broadly, with white; bill blackish; iris brown; legs and feet 
orange-red (in life). 
Adult female in summer.—Similar in pattern of coloration to the 
male, but with much less of cinnamon-rufous (sometimes almost 
none) on upper parts, and pileum streaked with brownish gray rather 
than white. 
Adults (both sexes) in winter—Much like the adult female in sum- 
mer, but without well-defined white or black areas.on head; black 
of foreneck and chest much broken by whitish tips to the feathers; 
pileum brownish gray, streaked with dusky; back, scapulars, etc., 
without any cinnamon-rufous, the feathers blackish centrally, 
brownish gray or grayish brown marginally—the two colors in varying 
relative proportion. 
