BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 55 
[Tringa interpres] y Laraam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 739 (based on Coulon-chaud 
de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 340). 
[Tringa interpres] 5 Latwam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 739 (based on Coulon-chaud 
gris de Cayenne Daubenton, Pl. Enl. 357). 
Arenaria interpres Var. A Viettuot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 346 
(= Tringa interpres a Latham). 
Arenaria interpres Var. B Viettiot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 346 
(= Tringa interpres y Latham). 
Arenaria interpres Var. C Vrewtot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 346 
(= Tringa interpres 6 Latham). 
ARENARIA MELANOCEPHALA (Vigors). 
BLACK TURNSTONE. 
Adults in summer (sexes alike).—General color of head, neck, chest 
and upper parts dark sooty (clove brown to fuscous-black); lores, 
except posterior portion, white, usually minutely flecked with 
dusky, at least in part; forehead, superciliary and auricular regions 
(sometimes whole pileum and hindneck). streaked or flecked with 
white, the supra-auricular region sometimes mostly white; sides of 
chest spotted with white, the feathers of lower chest margined with 
white; rest of under parts, including axillars and under wing-coverts, 
immaculate white; lower back, rump, and posterior upper tail- 
coverts immaculate white, the anterior upper tail-coverts sooty 
black; wings dusky, like back, etc., but proximal smaller coverts, 
broad tips to greater coverts, whole of proximal secondaries, narrow 
tips to other secondaries, broad edgings to elongated posterior 
scapulars and tertials, and basal portion of outer wels of proximal 
primaries white; tail white basally and terminally, crossed by a 
broad subterminal band of blackish. 
Winter plumage.—Similar to the summer plumage but color of 
throat, chest, and sides of head much lighter (hair brown, more or 
less deep), the feathers of chest distinctly darker centrally, and with- 
out any white markings on head, neck, or chest. 
Young.—Similar to winter adults, but scapulars, interscapulars, 
and feathers of chest narrowly margined with pale dull buffy or dull 
whitish, and tail tipped with light grayish brown instead of white. 
Adult male.—Wing, 138-149 (144.3); tail, 58-66 (60.1); exposed 
culmen, 21-23.5 (22.2); tarsus, 24-26 (24. 9); middle toe, 22-24.5 
(23.2).@ 
Adult female.—Wing, 141-153.5 (148.7); tail, 58-64 (60.1); exposed 
culmen, 22-24 (22.9); tarsus, 238-25.5 (24.7); middle toe, 22-24 
(23.3).° 
Breeding along Bering Sea and western Arctic coasts of Alaska, from 
Kotzebue Sound to valley of lower Yukon River (to Cook Inlet ?); 
in migration southward along Pacific coast of southern Alaska, 
a Ten specimens. b Hight specimens. 
