BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA, 59 
broadly margined with gray or grayish white, the posterior scapulars 
with a greater or less number of large blotches or irregular spots of 
cinnamon-rufous and with a subterminal bar or transverse spot and 
mesial streak of black; wing-coverts and tertials brownish gray, 
darker centrally; secondaries brownish gray tipped with white, the 
innermost (proximal) ones mostly white; primary coverts grayish 
black or dusky, tipped with white; primaries similar but becoming 
more grayish proximally and white basally; rump dusky, the feathers 
narrowly margined with paler (grayish or whitish); upper tail-coverts 
and basal portion of tail white, this increasing in extent on lateral 
rectrices, the distal portion of tail dusky grayish (blackish on middle 
rectrices) narrowly margined at tip with whitish; under parts of body 
white, the chest and breast tinged with pale brownish gray and 
heavily marked with broad crescentic or V-shaped bars of black, the 
sides and flanks with more scattered broad V-shaped, sagittate, or 
subcordate markings of blackish, the under tail-coverts with narrower, 
more cuneate streaks of the same; axillars and greater part of under- 
wing-coverts immaculate white, the coverts near edge of wing grayish 
dusky margined with white, the under primary coverts pale gray 
margined with white; under surface of primaries white basally, shad- 
ing into brownish gray distally; bill black terminally, the maxilla 
brownish and mandible light yellowish brown (orange in life ?) basally; 
iris dark brown, the naked eyelids black; legs and feet olive-green 
or bluish green (in life). 
(In midsummer black greatly predominates on interscapulars, 
and the cinnamon-rufous markings on scapulars fade into pale buffy.) 
Winter plumage.—General color of head, neck, chest, and upper 
parts plain brownish gray (between mouse gray and hair brown), 
slightly paler on foreneck, the pileum (at least the crown) broadly 
and more or less distinctly streaked with dusky, the scapulars. and 
interscapulars with more or less distinct shaft-streaks of dusky, the 
neck (all round) and upper chest with narrow dusky streaks (some- 
times obsolete below), the lower chest with more or less distinct 
tranverse spots of dusky; a supra-loral spot (on each side of forehead), 
chin, and throat, white, sparsely and minutely flecked with dusky; 
underparts of body white, the breast, sides and flanks with more or 
- less numerous streaks or spots (usually both) of dusky grayish, of 
variable size and form; otherwise, like summer adults. 
Young.—Much like winter adults but scapulars, interscapulars, and 
wing-coverts margined terminally with whitish, these whitish margins 
immediately preceded by a submarginal U-shaped line of dusky, the 
whitish margins broader on wing coverts; head and neck streaked 
with pale gray or whitish, feathers of chest broadly margined with 
whitish, the breast and sides with rather small, subcordate spots of 
light brownish gray. 
