64 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
i. Culmen more than one-sixth as long as wing, more than two-thirds 
as long as tarsus, the bill very stout.:-......--- Pagolla (p. 107). 
ii. Culmen less than one-sixth as long as wing, less than two-thirds 
as long as tarsus, the bill slender or small. Charadrius (p. 114). 
dd. Hallux present (well-developed but small); culmen much shorter than mid- 
dle toe without claw; upper parts unicolored....Zonibyx (extralimital).¢ 
bb. Tarsus shorter than middle toe with claw..-.-..--- Pluvianellus (extralimital).> 
Genus VANELLUS Brisson. 
Vanellus Brisson, Orn., v, 1760, 94. (Type, by tautonymy, Tringa vanellus 
Linneus.) 
Gavia (not of Forster, 1788, nor of Boie, 1822) Groczr, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, i, 
1842, 433. (Type, Tringa vanellus Linnzeus.) 
Large Charadriide (wing 211-233 mm.) with a slender, recurved 
occipital crest, without obvious or with rudimentary wing-spurs, and 
with color of upper parts partly metallic. 
Bill relatively small and slender, much shorter than head, the 
exposed culmen about as long as middle toe without claw; nasal fossa 
extending for about two-thirds the length of maxilla. Wing large, 
pointed, the longest primaries exceeding distal secondaries by much 
more than one-third the length of wing, and extending decidedly 
beyond tips of longest tertials; second or second and third primaries 
(from outside) longest, the first (outermost) shorter than third. Tail 
nearly half as long as wing, truncate or very slight emarginate (the 
middle pair of rectrices slightly shorter than the rest). Tarsus about 
one-fifth as long as wing, covered all round with small hexagonal 
scales, these larger in front; bare portion of tibia about as long as 
culmen; middle toe, without claw, much more than half as long as 
tarsus, the outer and inner toes, successively, decidedly shorter; 
hallux present but small, its claw well-developed, but straight; a 
small web between basal phalanges of outer and middle toes. 
Coloration.—Adults with pileum, a broad jugular area, primaries 
and distal portion of tail black; general color of upper parts moderately 
metallic greenish and purplish; under parts and proximal portion of 
tail white, the tail-coverts cinnamomeous; sexes alike. 
Range.—Europe and northern Asia, south in winter to China, 
northern Africa, northern India, etc.; accidental in eastern North. 
America. (Monotypic.) 
2 Zonibyx Reichenbach, Handb. (Av. Syst. Nat.), 1853, p. xviii (type, by original 
designation and monotypy, Vanellus cincta Lesson=Charadrius modestus Lichtenstein.) 
(Southern South America; monotypic.) 
> Pluvianellus Jacquin and Pucheran, Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., iii, 1853, 124 (type, by 
original designation, P.sociabilis Jacquin and Pucheran). (Southern South America; 
monotypic.) 
This genus I have not been able to examine. It may, possibly, not belong to the 
true Charadrijde, as here restricted. 
