146 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
b. Thighs feathered down to tibio-tarsal joint; pileum transversely barred or banded. 
(Woodcocks.) 
c. Outermost primaries normal, the first (from outside) longest or equal to the 
VOTB OS bec stcre. cision w.c'bsaiacdcetaratcinis craseror bee CORE PR HEI og Maree Scolopax (p. 149), 
cc. Outermost primaries abnormal, the fourth or fifth (from outside) longest, the 
first three shorter and abruptly much narrower ...-.-.--- Philohela (p. 155), 
bb. Thighs with lower portion naked; pileum longitudinally striped. (Snipes.) 
Gallinago (p. 159), 
aa. Bony orbital ring very incomplete, widely interrupted below and anteriorly; 
ear-orifice posterior to middle of orbit; mandibular rami much less strongly 
and abruptly deflected; posterior profile of skull subquadrate, at least as broad 
above as below. 
b. Nasal fosse relatively broad posteriorly, contracting auteriorly into a narrow 
groove which extends nearly to tip of maxilla. (Hroliinz).¢ 
c. Anterior toes more or less webbed at base. 
d. Exposed culmen more than one-third as long as wing. 
e. Tip of bill very slightly expanded, the expanded portion very short, not 
distinctly punctulate; tarsus nearly to quite twice as long as middle 
toe without claw, sometimes more than twice as long. 
f. Bill straight (not at all upturned distally), very slightly flattened ter- 
minally; legs relatively longer (bare portion of tibia usually longer than 
middle toe without claw, tarsus usually more than one-third as long as 
wing); toes longer and more slender, the middle one, with claw, 
usually more than one-fifth as long as wing; claw of middle toe long 
(about one-third as long as rest of toe), linear, much flattened and 
straight or even slightly recurved terminally, fragile, pectinate. 
Limosa (p. 177). 
J. Bill distinctly upturned distally, much flattened for distal third or 
more; legs relatively shorter and stouter (bare portion of tibia us-" 
ually shorter than middle toe without claw, tarsus usually less than 
one-third as long as wing); toes shorter and stouter, the middle one, 
with claw, less than one-fifth as long as wing; claw of middle toe 
normal (short, blunt, decurved, nonpectinate) ....... Vetola (p. 182). 
ee. Tip of bill distinctly expanded or dilated, the expanded portion occupying 
the distal third or more and distinctly punctulate; tarsus much less 
than twice as long as middle toe without claw. 
f. A distinct web between inner and middle toes at base. 
Pseudoscolopax (extralimital). > 
Jf. No web between inner and middle toes......... Limnodromus’(p. 195). 
@ The following osteological characters are given by Lowe (Ibis, 1915, 612) as distin- 
guishing this subfamily from the Tringine: Distal end of premaxilla depressed, 
slightly, sometimes conspicuously, spatulate (e. g. Eurynorhynchus), minutely 
pitted; pterygoid processes short, thick, and conspicuously divergent; palatal plates 
wider posteriorly than anteriorly; maxillo-palatine process completely fused with 
prepalatal portion of palatal plate on either side, as a thin, elongate plate with parallel 
jnternal border devoid of sculpturing; inwardly projecting plate of maxillary fenes- 
trated; line of culmen making an obtuse angle (about 140°) with the basi-sphenoidal 
rostrum; zygomatic arch or quadro-jugal rod making a very distinct angle with the 
maxillary process of premaxillary; supraorbital grooves indistinct;’ post-articular 
process of mandible directed upward in abruptly hook-shaped fashion; supra-occipital 
‘region of skull, viewed from above, rounded. 
> Pseudoscolopar Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xxviii, 1852, 280; type, Macro- 
rhamphus semipalmatus Jerdon. Eastern Asia; monotypic. 
