BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 179 
terminal third (more or less) blackish or dusky; iris brown; legs and 
feet dusky (in dried skins). 
Adult female in summer.—Similar to the adult male but larger and 
with less of cinnamon color. ; 
Adults in winter (sexes alike)—Head, neck, back, and scapulars 
nearly plain deep brownish gray, the head and neck slightly paler 
grayish; chest immaculate pale gray; otherwise, essentially as in 
summer plumage. 
Young.—‘‘Distinguished from the adults by being darker brown 
above, with broad sandy-rufous edges to the feathers of the upper 
surface, the innermost secondaries banded with blackish brown and 
sandy rufous; the head rufous, streaked with dark brown, but indis- 
tinctly; sides of face buffy white, with very fine streaks of brown; 
throat white; lower throat, sides of neck, and chest reddish buff, 
slightly mottled with dusky bases to the feathers of the side of the 
breast; remainder of under surface white, suffused with rufescent 
buff, and shaded with ashy brown on the sides of the body.’’4 
Downy young.—‘‘Rusty yellow marked with black, especially on 
crown and rump; a narrow streak through the eye, wing-joints, 
cheeks, and belly light yellowish.’”® 
Adult male.—Wing, 198-225 (210.6); tail, 73-89 (81.9); exposed 
culmen, 86-124 (102.6); tarsus, 72-84 (75.3); middle toe, 34.5-42 
(36.7).¢ 
Adult jfemale—Wing, 197-220.5 (209.2); tail, 78-88 (83.7); 
exposed culmen, 89.5-115.5 (101.3); tarsus, 67-92 (78.8); middle 
toe, 34-39 (36.5).¢ 
Breeding in Europe and western Asia, from Iceland, British 
Islands (including Faroes), Holland, northern Germany, and southern 
Russia northward (to about as far as Arctic Circle), eastward to 
Valley of the Ob, Siberia; migrating southward to southern Europe, 
Madeira and Canary Islands, Abyssinia, etc. Casual or occasional in 
southern Greenland. 
[Scolopazx] limosa Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 147 (Sweden); ed. 12, i, 
1766, 246.—GmELin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 666. 
Scolopax limosa BoppaErt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 53 (Pl. Enl., pl. 874).—Tem- 
MINCE, Cat. Syst., 1807, 170. 
Actitis limosa ItticER, Prodr. Orn., 1811, 262. 
Totanus limosa BucustTEIN, Orn. Taschenb., ii, 1803, 287; Naturg. Deutschl., 
iv, 1809, 234. 
@ Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 385. 
> Dresser, Birds of Europe. 
¢ Five specimens. 
@ Three specimens. 
Measurements of L. limosa melanuroides are as follows:— 
Adult male (four specimens).—Wing, 184-195 (188.2); tail, 66-82.5 (74.4); exposed 
culmen, 73-91.5 (79.7); tarsus, 61-65 (62.9); middle toe, 33.5-36.5 (34.7). 
