BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 183 
outer and middle toes distinct, extending for half or more the length 
of basal phalanges; no web between inner and middle toes. 
Coloration.—Very diverse, no two species being closely similar, but 
summer adults with under parts buffy or cinnamomeous (with or 
without dusky bars), and tail barred or else blackish with basal 
portion of lateral rectrices white. _ 
Range.—Northern hemisphere, visiting southern hemisphere during 
migration. (Three species.) 
KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF VETOLA. 
a. Tail distinctly barred; axillars and under wing-coverts pale cinnamon or white. 
b. Upper tail-coverts pale cinnamon barred with blackish; axillars and under 
wing-coverts cinnamon-rufous. (North America, southward in winter.) 
Vetola fedoa (p. 184). 
bb. Upper tail-coverts white, spotted with dusky; axillars and under wing-coverts 
white, irregularly marked with dusky. (Vetola lapponica.) 
c. Rump white, marked with broad acuminate streaks of dusky; head, neck, and 
under parts deep cinnamon in summer plumage. (Northern Europe and 
SABA); taesnaciis tadnume sacs sic Vetola lapponica lapponica (extralimital).¢ 
ce. Rump dusky, the feathers margined with white; head, neck, and under parts 
paler cinnamon in summer adults. (Shores of North Pacific Ocean, in 
eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and western Alaska, migrating southward 
through Japan and China to Malay Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand, 
BEC) cis eiidadcees Sond eueremceteeniiee ieesince Vetola lapponica baueri (p. 187). 
aa. Tail not barred (uniform black, with white base and tip); axillars and most of 
under wing-coverts uniform dusky. (North America, chiefly east of Rocky 
Mountains; South America in migration.)....-...... Vetola hzemastica (p. 191). 
2 [Scolopax] lapponica Linneeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 147 (Lapland); ed. 12, 
i, 1766, 246.—Limicula lapponica Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., iii, 1816, 250.— 
L{imosa] lapponica Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, 570.—Limosa lapponica Harting, 
Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 58; Dresser, Birds Europe, viii, 1872, 203, pls. 578, 574; 
Poynting, Eggs Brit. Birds, pt. 4, 1896, 231, pl. 49 (eggs); Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. 
Mus., xxiv, 1896, 373—[Limosa lapponica] « lapponica Baird, Brewer, and 
Ridgway, Water Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 254.—Limosa lapponica lapponica Amer- 
ican Ornithologists’ Union, Check List, 3rd ed., 1910, 119.—[Scolopax] xgocephala 
Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 147 (s. Europe); ed. 12, i, 1766, 246.—Totanus 
aegocephalus Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., ii, 1803, 288.—Limosa xgocephala Leach, 
Syst. Cat. Mam. and Birds Brit. Mus., 1816, 32.—Limosa leucophea Latham, Index 
Orn., ii, 1790, 719 (Europe, Africa, rare in England).—Totanus leucophaeus Bechstein, 
Om. Taschenb., ii, 1803, 289.—Totanus ferrugineus Meyer and Wolf, Taschenb., 
ii, 1810, 374 (Germany, Lapland, and Hudson Bay).—Limosa ferruginea Pallas, Zoogr. 
Russo-Asiat., ii, 1826, 180.—Limosa meyeri Leisler, Nachtr. Bechst. Naturg., ii, 1813, 
172.—Limicula meyeri Vieillot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., iii, 1816, 249 (n. Europe).— 
Fedoa meyeri Stephens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xii, pt. i, 1824, 75.—Limosa noveboracensis 
Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam. and Birds Brit. Mus., 1816, 32 (Kent).—Fedoa pectoralis 
Stephens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xii, pt. i, 1824, 79 (Devon and Cornwall).—Limosa 
rufa (not Totanus rufus Bechstein, 1809) Naumann, Vég. Deutschl., viii, 1836, 446; 
xiii, 18—, 246; Macgillivray, Hist. Brit. Birds, iv, 1852, 260; Yarrell, Hist. Brit. Birds, 
ed. 2, ii, 1845, 641; ed. 3, ii, 1856, 688; Gould, Birds Great Brit., iv, 1868, pl. 51 and 
text; Seebohm, Geog. Distr. Charadriide, 1887, pp. xxiv, 384.—Totanus rufus 
Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 156. 
