BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 211 
upper tail-coverts, and middle pair of rectrices dusky, the feathers 
of rump narrowly margined with brownish gray, ‘the lateral upper 
tail-coverts mostly white; other rectrices pale brownish gray, narrowly 
edged with whitish terminally; wing-coverts brownish gray, darker 
centrally, narrowly margined at tips with paler gray or whitish, the 
greater coverts narrowly tipped with white; primary coverts and 
remiges dusky, the outermost primary with white shaft, the remain- 
ing primaries with shafts at least partly white; a streaked white 
superciliary stripe and dusky loral space, the latter usually distinctly 
defined along its upper edge but the lower portion broken into 
streaks, which extend backward across the suborbital region; auricu- 
lar region streaked with grayish brown; under parts white, the chest 
and breast tinged with gray and streaked with dusky; bill blackish; 
iris dark brown; legs and feet dusky (in dried skins). 
Winter plumage.—Above brownish gray with dusky shaft-streaks; 
superciliary stripe and under parts white, the chest faintly streaked. 
Young.—Similar to:summer adults but chest tinged with pale 
grayish buff and without well-defined streaks or spots, the scapulars 
and interscapulars margined terminally with white and the brown 
usually less rusty. 
Downy young.—Yorehead dull white to pale grayish buff, divided 
by a median line of black, this not reaching to bill; crown cinnamon- 
brown, marbled nosietony with black and white; occiput mottled 
whitish; a distinct loral line. of black, sometimes forking just before 
the eye, the upper branch running toward anterior angle of eye, the 
other inclining downward; upper parts mixed black and cinnamon- 
brown, thickly bespangled with fine buffy white tufts, terminating 
the down-filaments; under parts immaculate dull white passing into 
pale brownish buffy anteriorly. 
Adult male.—Wing, 88-98.5 (93.9); tail, 38-44.5 (41.2); exposed 
culmen, 17-20 (18.6); tarsus, 19-21 (20.5); middle toe, 15-17.5 
(16.2).2 
Adult female.—Wing, 92-101.5 (96.5); tail, 40-44 (41.5); exposed 
culmen, 18-22 (20.3); tarsus, 20-22 (20.8); middle toe, 15-17.5 
(16.5).° 
North and South America and West Indies; breeding in Arctic 
districts, from northeastern Labrador and mouth of Yukon River, 
Alaska, to Arctic coast; migrating chiefly eastward of Rocky Moun- 
tains; wintering from South Carolina, Texas, etc., southward, through- 
out West Indies, Central America, and South America, as far as 
Peru (Paracas Bay) and Patagonia; autumn migrant in Bermudas; 
casual or occasional in northeastern Siberia, Pribilof Islands, southern 
Alaska (Thomas Bay), and British Columbia; accidental in Europe. 
@ Eleven specimens. + Thirteen specimens. 
