BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 221 
Adult male.—Wing, 171.5-186 (181.6); tail, 65-70 (68); exposed 
culmen, 33-35.5 (34.5); tarsus, 47-52.5 (50); middle toe, 31-34 
(82.4).¢ 
Adult female.—Wing, 148-154 (151.2); tail, 52-58.5 (54.7); exposed 
culmen, 29.5-32 (31); tarsus, 38.5-48 (40.9); middle toe, 27-29 
(28.3).° 
Europe, Asia, and Africa; breeding in northern and central Europe 
and Asia, from the British Islands eastward at least to the Taimyr 
Peninsula, Siberia, and western Dauria, probably to Kamchatka, 
including the Commander Islands, and from the Valley of the Danube 
and the Kirghiz steppes to the Arctic coast; migrating southward to 
southern Africa, Madeira and Canary Islands, northern India, Burma, 
and, rarely, Ceylon and Borneo (Labuan); occasional in eastern 
North America (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Long Island, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, 
Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario‘); casual in Barbados and Dutch Guiana 
(Surinam). 
[Tringa] pugnax Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 148 (Sweden; ex Fauna 
Suecica, 175); ed. 12, i, 1766, 247—Brtwnicu, Orn. Bor., 1764, 50.—Scorott, 
Bemerk. ed. Gunther, 1770, 113.—GmeE zn, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 669.— 
Latuam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 725.—Turton, Syst. Nat., i, 1806, 402. 
Tringa pugnax Boppasrt, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, 19 (Pl. Enl., pl. 305).—Scmarr- 
FER, Mus. Orn., 1789, 52.—TEMMINCK, Cat. Syst., 1807, 171; Man. d’Orn., ii, 
1820, 631.—Buxtock, Lond. Mus., 1813, 65.—ViEe Lot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. 
Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 458, pl. B29, fig. 2—Roux, Orn. Prov., 1825, pls. 290- 
292.—Werne_Er, Atlas, Grallatores, 1827, pl. 14.—Fox, Newcastle Mus., 1827, 
87.—FLEMING, Brit. Anim., 1828, 110.—Lxsson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 560.— 
MéneErriés, Cat. Rais. Caucas., 1832, 51.—Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1834, 51 (Trebizond, Persia)—Nurrauy, Man. Orn. U. & and Can., Water 
Birds, 1834, 130 (Long Island, New York).—Kaur, Thierr., ii. pt. i, 1836, 
318.—Ewer, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, 93 (India).—Buytu, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. Lond., 1842, 94 (Europe; India).—YarReELL, Brit. Birds, ii, 1843, 573.— 
ScHLEGEL, Rev. Crit., 1844, p. xci; Vog. Nederl., 1854, pl. 236; Dier. Nederl. 
Vogels, 1861, pl. 23, figs. 5-8, 8a; Mus. Pays-Bas, v, no. 27 (Scolopaces), 1864, 
51.—Harcovrt, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 146 (Madeira)—PAssLer, 
Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, 242 (Lapland).—Brown, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xii, 
1869, 208 (Madeira).—Homeyer, Journ. fiir Orn., 1870, 424 (e. Siberia).— 
Buanrorp, East. Persia, ii, 1876, 284.—Lxrcace, Ibis, 1878, 204 (Kirinde, 
Ceylon, March).—SEvErtzow, Ibis, 1883, 75 (Kara-Kul and Rau-Kul lakes, 
and Alichur River, centr. Asia).—IrsBy, Key List Brit. Birds, 1888, 48.— 
GArTkE, Vogelw. Helgoland, 1891, 526. 
Trynga pugnax Patias, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 190. 
Pavoncella pugnax LEacu, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 29.—_STEIJNEGER, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., v, 1882, 38 (crit. nomencl.); x, 1887, 1383 (Bering 
Island); xiv, 1891, 492 (Giatoku, Hondo, Japan); xv, 1892, 292 (Yezo, 
@ Ten specimens. 
b Nine specimens. 
¢ For records for eastern North America see Deane, Auk, xxii, 1905, 410, and 
Palmer (T. S.), Auk. xxiii, 1906, 98. 
