BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 231 
as wing, truncate or very slightly rounded, the middle pair of rectrices 
not projecting beyond the rest; rectrices 12, rounded at tip, except 
middle pair which are more narrowly rounded or obtusely pointed 
at tip. Tarsus shorter than exposed culmen, about one-fifth as long 
as wing, continuously scutellate anteriorly and posteriorly; middle 
toe, with claw, about four-fifths as long as tarsus; lateral toes de- 
cidedly shorter than middle toe, the outer slightly longer than the 
inner, all with a wide lateral margin, and connected at extreme 
base by a very small web (practically cleft to base). 
Coloration. Above grayish, variegated with blackish streaks and 
longitudinal spots of blackish; underparts mostly white, in summer 
mostly cinnamon-buff (C. canutus) or heavily spotted with blackish 
(C. tenuirostris); upper tail-coverts white, more or less spotted or 
barred with blackish. 
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CANUTUS. 
a. Wing less than 180, exposed culmen less than 40 mm.; shafts of primaries not 
wholly pure white basally; summer adults with under parts mostly buffy 
cinnamon, the chest not spotted with black. (Northern hemisphere, breeding 
northward.) sess csgineecieeweastaeyceenceensewatie Canutus canutus (p. 231). 
aa, Wing 180 or more, exposed culmen 40 or more mm.; shafts of primaries wholly 
pure white basally; summer adults with underparts white, the chest heavily 
spotted with black. (Eastern Siberia, southward in winter to Malay Archi- 
pelago and Australia.)................2.- Canutus tenuirostris (extralimital).¢ 
CANUTUS CANUTUS (Linneus). 
KNOT. 
Adult male in summer—Above light gray, pale cinnamon-rufous, 
and black, these colors varying in relative extent,’ the black in form 
of streaks on the pileum and hindneck and broader, more or less 
cuneate, central spots on back and scapulars; rump pale gray with 
lunulate markings and bars of dusky, the upper tail-coverts white, 
irregularly barred and transversely spotted with dusky or blackish; 
wing-coverts light gray, darker centrally and with dusky shaft- 
streaks and paler (sometimes whitish) narrow margins, the greater 
2 Totanus tenuirostris Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc., xiii, 1821, 192 (Java;=young, 
fide Mathews, Birds Australia, iii, 277)—Tringa tenuirostris Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. 
Soc. Lond., 1863, 315 (Shanghai, China).—Anteliotringa tenuirosiris Mathews, Birds 
Australia, iii, pt. 3, Aug. 18, 1913, 275.—Tringa crassirostris Temminck and Schlegel, 
Fauna Japonica, Aves, 1847, 107, pl. 64; Seebohm, Geog. Distr. Charadriide, 1887, 
pp. xxv, 421; Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, 600.—Scheniclus magnus 
Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1848, 39 (Australia); Bitds Australia, vi, 1848, pl. 33 
and text.—Tringa magna Bonaparte, Compt.: Rend., xliii, 1856, 596.—Canutus 
magnus Mathews, Birds Australia, iii, pt. 3, Aug. 18, 1913, pl. [164]-facing p. 275. 
> Usually the gray predominates, but in some midsummer specimens the hlack 
prevails. 
