2382 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
coverts tipped with white; secondaries brownish gray narrowly 
edged with white; tertials darker brownish gray with pale broad but 
not sharply defined edgings; primary coverts and primaries dusky, 
the proximal primary coverts tipped with white, the shafts of pri- 
maries white or whitish, passing into grayish brown basally and ter- 
minally; tail pale brownish gray, the rectrices narrowly margined 
with white distally (sometimes with a narrow sub-edging or lunulate 
subterminal mark of dusky), their shafts white except toward tips; 
sides of head, including broad superciliary stripe, chin, throat, fore- 
neck, chest, breast, and upper abdomen plain buffy cinnamon, vina- 
ceous-cinnamon, or mikado brown, paler posteriorly; sides mixed 
buffy cinnamon and white, broken by irregular narrow bars and 
streaks or other markings of dusky; lower abdomen, flanks, anal 
region, and under tail-coverts white, the flanks marked like the sides, 
the under tail-coverts with a few small streaks or cuneate markings 
of dusky; axillars and under wing-coverts white, the former with 
distinct submarginal V-shaped markings of brownish gray, the latter 
with fewer and less conspicuous markings of similar form; bill black; 
iris dark brown; legs and feet blackish. 
Adult female in summer—Similar to the adult male and perhaps 
not always distinguishable, but usually with the cinnamon-buff of 
underparts decidedly paler, less extended posteriorly, and more often 
broken laterally by admixture of white and by dusky markings. 
Adults in winter (sexes alike)—Above light brownish gray with 
indistinct shaft-streaks of darker; superciliary stripe and underparts 
white, the throat, foreneck, chest, and sides streaked or otherwise 
marked with dusky; otherwise as in summer plumage. 
Young.—Similar to winter adults but feathers of upper parts mar- 
gined with whitish and with a narrow submarginal lunulate or V- 
shaped mark of dusky; white of underparts usually tinged with dull 
buffy, especially on chest. 
Downy young.—‘‘Forehead warm buff, with a central black line; 
over the eye a double black line; crown, from centre beckwandls, 
black slightly varied with rufous and dotted with buff; nape creamy 
buff, slightly varied with blackish; upperparts ... . lack, slightly 
varied with reddish brown, and profusely dotted with creamy white; 
underparts very slightly washed with warm buff.’’¢ 
Adult male—Wing, 152-174 (162.7); tail, 60-66 (62. 2); exposed 
Gia 31-36.5 (33.9); tarsus, 29.5-33 (31); middle toe, 20-23 
21.7 
@ Dresser, Birds of Europe. b Eighteen specimens, 
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