258 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
white, sometimes immaculate but usually with a few very narrow 
streaks of dusky; axillars and most of under wing-coverts immaculate 
white; bill blackish; iris dark brown; legs and feet blackish (dark 
olivaceous in life). 
Winter plumage.—Upper parts mostly plain brownish gray, with 
indistinct dusky shaft-streaks; an indistinct superciliary stripe, 
together with whole of under parts, white, the neck and chest indis- 
tinctly streaked with grayish, the sides and flanks sometimes with a 
few narrow streaks; otherwise as in summer. 
Young.—Scapulars and interscapulars dusky, broadly margined. 
with cinnamon or cinnamon-buff, this becoming paler (often whitish) 
on tips of some feathers; wing-coverts margined with buffy; pileum 
light rusty buff or cinnamon, streaked with blackish; sides of head 
and neck dull buffy, indistinctly streaked with dusky; under parts 
white, the breast and abdomen spotted with blackish. 
Downy young.—Forehead and posterior portion of crown buff, or 
pinkish buff, divided medially by a rather broad streak of blackish 
brown, confluent posteriorly with an area of mixed blackish brown and 
light brown occupying greater part of crown and occiput, the latter 
rather sparsely flecked or spotted with pale dull buffy; hindneck 
pale dull buffy mottled with brownish; back, rump, and wings snuff 
brown mottled or intermixed with brownish black, the back minutely, 
the rump more coarsely, dotted or spangled with pale buff or buffy 
whitish; sides of head and neck dull buffy white, relieved by an 
indistinct auricular spot of dusky; under parts dull buffy white 
strongly tinged on chest with cinnamon-buff. 
Adult male.-—Wing, 104-114 (107.4); tail, 44.5-50.5 (46.9); 
exposed culmen, 26-31 (28.6); tarsus, 21-24 (23.1); middle toe, 
17-21 (19).¢ 
Adult jfemale—Wing, 103-117 (110.9); tail, 46-51.5 (48.4); 
exposed culmen, 26.5-36.5 (32.5); tarsus, 22-25 (23.5); middle toe, 
18-20 (18.9).o — 
Breeding in northern Europe (Iceland, Faroe Islands, British 
Islands, Norway, Denmark, etc.) and northern Asia (north to about 
lat. 74°); migrating southward to Mediterranean basin, Madeira, 
Canary Islands, Zanzibar, and islands north of Madagascar, “and 
along the valleys of the Kama and Volga, and through Turkestan to 
winter on the shores of the Caspian and on the Mekran coast,’’¢ east- 
ward to India (Calcutta, Lucknow, etc.); occasional in southern 
Greenland;? accidental in North America (Fort Churchill, Keewatin, 
@ Seven specimens. 
b Thirteen specimens. 
¢Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. Charadriide. 
4 The status of Greenland birds of this species is a matter of great uncertainty, and 
the Greenland references here given under P. a. alpina and P. a. sakhalina, respec- 
tively, may, in some instances at least, be wrongly placed. Very singularly, the 
