BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 291 
longer upper tail-coverts and middle pair of rectrices black, the 
lateral longer upper tail-coverts white; other rectrices pale brownish 
gray with shafts mostly white, their inner webs fading into whitish 
basally; anterior and lateral portions of forehead dull white to pale 
cinnamon-rufous; loral, suborbital, auricular and malar regions, 
throat, foreneck, and sides of neck light cinnamon-rufous or orange- 
cinnamon, paler (sometimes whitish) on chin, the sides of neck 
usually (sometimes lower foreneck also) narrowly streaked with 
dusky; rest of under parts white, for the greater part immaculate, 
but chest (at least upper portion) more or less streaked (narrowly) 
or longitudinally flecked with dusky; axillars and most of under 
wing-coverts immaculate white, the coverts along edge of wing 
brownish gray margined with white, the under primary coverts very 
pale brownish gray broadly tipped with white; bill and feet blackish; 
iris brown. 
Adult female in summer.—Similar to the adult male and not 
always distinguishable, but usually with the cinnamon-rufous of 
head and neck somewhat paler and more restricted. 
Winter plumage.—Above light brownish gray, the pileum, back, 
and scapulars mesially streaked (usually narrowly) with black; 
wings and tail as in summer adults; forehead (at least laterally) 
rictal, suborbital, and malar regions and entire under parts im- 
maculate white, the sides of chest grayish. 
Young.—General color of upper parts pale brownish gray, the 
crown and occiput broadly streaked with dusky and tinged with 
pale brown; scapulars and interscapulars black centrally, margined 
with pale brown, the exterior and posterior scapulars margined 
terminally with white; wings as in adults but general color slightly 
more brownish gray; anterior and lateral portions of forehead, 
suborbital and malar regions, and under parts immaculate white, 
the chest (except median portion) shaded with pale brownish gray 
and indistinctly streaked laterally with dusky. 
Downy young.—F¥orehead and sides of head light brownish buff 
or vinaceous-buff, fading into dull white on chin and throat; a narrow 
loral streak of black, from near base of bill to anterior angle of eye 
(broadest anteriorly) ; a median black streak on posterior half of fore- 
head, and an indistinct auricular spot of dusky; crown and occiput 
mixed black and light snuff brown, the latter with a few irregular 
spots of buffy whitish; back, rump, etc. mixed black and snuff brown, 
spangled with dull buffy whitish; under parts immaculate buffy 
white, the chest shaded with pale brownish gray. 
Adult male.—Wing, 91.5-101 (97.3); tail, 39-47.5 (43.1); exposed 
culmen, 16-17 (16.4); tarsus, 17.5-19 (18.3); middle toe, 14-16 (15.2).¢ 
@ Ten specimens. 
