344 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
neck white more or less tinged or suffused with pale brownish gray, 
narrowly but distinctly streaked with dusky, the loral region with 
dusky predominating, at least anteriorly and next to eye; sometimes 
nearly uniform dusky; chin, throat, foreneck, and remaining under 
parts white, the chin and throat longitudinally flecked, the foreneck 
broadly streaked, the chest and breast (sometimes upper abdomen 
also) longitudinally spotted with dusky, the sides, flanks, and under 
tail-coverts irregularly barred with the same; lower abdomen and 
anal region sometimes nearly immaculate white, but usually more or 
less distinctly spotted or flecked with dusky; axillars and under 
wing-coverts white, more or less barred, irregularly and narrowly, 
with dusky but sometimes nearly immaculate except the coverts near 
edge of wing; bill dusky terminally, reddish or brownish basally, 
especially on mandible; iris dark brown; legs and feet pale brownish 
(orange-red in life). 
Winter plumage.—Pileum, hindneck, back, scapulars, and tertials 
plain brownish gray, or with the blackish markings of the summer 
plumage very slightly indicated, the posterior scapulars, etc., some- 
times narrowly margined with white terminally; under parts with 
much fewer dusky markings, the chin, throat, breast, abdomen, and 
anal region mostly (sometimes wholly) immaculate white, the fore- 
neck and chest narrowly streaked with dusky or grayish; otherwise 
as in summer. 
Young.—Somewhat like winter adults, but general color of upper 
parts darker, the pileum and nape streaked with dusky, the scapulars 
and interscapulars rather, broadly margined with pale brownish 
buffy, the wing-coverts margined and spotted with buffy and whitish. 
Downy young.—‘‘Reddish above, longitudinally streaked with 
black; the sides of the crown and sides of the face buff, with a black line 
through the eye; the center of the crown rufous, with a median line 
of black, the nape and hindneck for the most part black; down the 
back a central line of black, mesially mottled with buff,and on each 
side of the back a broad line of pale buff intersected by a line of 
black.’ ¢ ; 
Adult male-—Wing, 148-159 (152.9); tail, 62.5-69 (65); exposed 
culmen, 39.5-46.5 (42.7); tarsus, 45-51 (47.6); middle toe, 28-30 
(28.7).° 
Adult female—Wing, 144-160 (153); tail, 57-63 (62.7); exposed 
culmen, 39-45 (42.1); tarsus, 48-51 (46:8); middle toe, 26.5-28.5 
(27.7).° 
Breeding throughout Europe (including Iceland), and eastward 
to eastern Siberia; migrating southward to southern Africa, India, 
Burma, and Malay Archipelago (Borneo; Java; Celebes; Sumatra; 
a Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 418, 419. 
6 Ten specimens, from Europe. ¢Seven specimens, from Europe. 
