BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 373 
Winter plumage.—Above plain grayish olive, or bronzy olive, with 
a faint metallic gloss, the feathers with more or less distinct dusky 
shaft-streaks, but without other markings except’on wing-coverts, 
which are more or less barred with dusky; under parts immaculate 
white, faintly shaded across chest (more distinctly so laterally) 
with brownish gray; otherwise as in summer. 
Young.—Similar to the winter plumage but wing-coverts, scapu- 
lars, and upper tail-coverts narrowly barred, more or less distinctly 
with pale buff and dusky; mandible dull purplish or livid flesh color 
basally (in life). 
Downy young.—Above light brownish gray or drab, minutely 
freckled with dusky; pileum with a median streak of black, extending 
from middle of forehead to nape; a similar black streak down middle 
of back and rump; sides of head (including superciliary region), 
sides of neck, chin, and throat grayish white, the rest of under parts 
immaculate pure white; a very narrow streak of black from bill 
to eye, sometimes interrupted on or near middle portion; a narrow 
postocular streak of black, extending from eye to nape. 
Adult male.—Wing, 89-105 (100.5); tail, 45-53 (49); exposed 
culmen, 21.5-25.5 (23.6); tarsus, 19.5-24 (22.2); middle toe, 18-22 
(19.4).¢ 
Adult female-—Wing, 100-109 (104); tail, 47-53 (50.4); exposed 
culmen, 21.5-25 (23.6) ; tarsus, 21-25 (22.8) ;middle toe, 18-21 (19.7) .® 
Breeding nearly throughout temperate and subarctic North Amer- 
ica, northward to tree limit in nortnwestern Alaska, northern Mac- 
kenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland, 
southward to southern California, Arizona, southern Texas, southern 
Louisiana, and northern South Carolina; migrating southward over 
whole of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, and South America, 
as far as southern Brazil (Sio Paulo; Chapada, Mattogrosso), Bolivia 
(San Francisco; lower Rio Beni) and Peru (Lima; Huambo; Tum- 
bez; La Mercéd; Huaynapata); Bermudas (possibly breeding), Cocos 
@ Highteen specimens. b Seventeen specimens. 
Expos- A 
Locality. Wing. | Tail. | ed cul- | Tarsus.) Middle 
men. Oe: 
MALES. 
Twelve adult males from eastern North America.............. 102.7 50. 2 23.8 22.6 19.6 
Five adult males from western North America............-... 96.1 46.6 23.2 21.6 19.2 
FEMALES. 
Ten adult females from eastern North America...............- 104.3 50. 6 23.9 22.9 19.8 
Seven adult females from western North America (including 
BBS ea) ects cts ninicrecwectvertemniinaie ati Secrmek KmemeteeeanemetEeeremiaa 103. 6 50 2.1 22.7 19.6 
