416 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
fig. 546.—Sciater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 387 (Falkland Islands),— 
Assorr, Ibis, 1861, 156 (Falkland Islands).—PELZzELN, Orn. Bras., 1870, 308 
(Ypanema). 
[Numenius] brevirostris PeLzELN, Orn. Bras., 1870, 457. 
Numenius microrhynchus Paitiprr and LanpBeck, Wiegmann’s Archiv fir 
Naturg., 1866, i, 129 (Chiloe, Chile). 
[Numenius] microrhynchus Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 43, no. 10256. 
(?) Tringa campestris Viz1tLot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxiv, 1819, 454 
(Paraguay; based on Chorlito campesino Azara, Apunt. Parag., iii, 1803, 310). 
(2?) T[ringa] campestris VizttioT, Tabl. Enc. Méth., iii, 1823, 1087. 
[Numenius] hemirhynchus ‘‘Temmf[inck]” Bonaparte, Excursions divers Mus., 
etc., 1856, 17 (nomen nudum). 
Numenius hudsonicus (not of Latham) Peasopy, Rep. Orn. Mass., 1839, 366. 
Family PHALAROPODID. 
THE PHALAROPES. 
=Phalaropodine Bonaparte, Saggio distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 59.—ScLaTER 
and Satvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 144.—StrrynEGER, Standard Nat. Hist., 
iv, 1885, 107, in text.—Suarpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxiv, 1896, xii, 91, 
693; Hand-list, i, 1899, xvi, 167.—Sanvin and Gopman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 
Aves, iii, 1903, 394. 
=Phalaropodide Cassin, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 689, 705.— 
Carus, Handb. Zool., i, 1868, 336.—Couxrs, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 247; 
2d ed., 1884, 612.—Ripeway, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., x, 1874, 385; Bull. Ils. 
State Labr. Nat. Hist., no. 4, 1881, 197; Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 143.— 
Bairp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Water Birds N. Am., i, 1884, 108, 325.— 
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886, 145; 3rd ed., 1910, 
107.—_OBERHOLSER, Outl. Classif. N. Am. Birds, 1905, 2. 
>Phalaropodide Bonaparte, Saggio distr. Anim. Vertebr., 1831, 59 (includes 
Recurvirostride). 
Small natatorial Charadrii with tarsi excessively compressed, toes 
margined laterally with a conspicuous, usually lobed or scalloped 
membrane, and plumage of under parts very dense, gull-like. 
The Phalaropodide are small. sandpiper-like birds which ‘differ 
conspicuously from the Scolopacide and allied groups in their lobed 
or scalloped-margined toes and greatly compressed tarsi, the plumage 
being at the same time more full and compact, like that of the 
coots, gulls, and petrels. These characters are mainly adaptive, 
and enable the Phalaropes to swim with ease. In fact, they are as 
much at home upon the surface of the water, even that of the ocean, 
as are any of the true so-called swimming birds. 
The family is restricted, during the breeding season, to the northern 
portions of the northern hemisphere (one species, however, breeding 
much farther southward in the western United States), and is very 
limited in the number of its species, of which only three are known, 
referable to three genera. All of them occur in America, one of them 
being peculiar, the other two occurring in Europe and Asia also. 
