BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 463 
Voég., 1824, 680.—SrEPrHens, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1825, 146.— 
Werner, Atlas, Palmipédes, 1828, pl. 2.—Aupoum, Hist. Nat. Egypte, 1826, 
pl. 9, fig. 1; in Expl. Sonnini, 2d ed., 1828, 416 —Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 
1831, 622.—Srsy, Brit. Birds, ii, 1833, 463.—Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr., 
1835, 264.—Eyron, Cat. Brit. Birds, 1836, 54.—Gouxp, Birds Europe, v, 1837, 
pl. 414 and text.—Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 18, pl. 248.—Scuinz, 
Eur. Faun., i, 1840, 370.—Maceriivray, Man. Brit. Birds, pt. ii, 1842, 280.— 
Sretys-Lonecuamps, Faune Belge, 1842, 149.—YarreE 1, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 
385; ed.2, iii, 1845, 493.—Scu.ecet, Rev. Crit.,1844, p. exxviii; Vog. Nederl., 
1854, 612, pl. 360; Dier. Neder]. Vogels, 1861, 241; Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 24, 
1864, 13.—Hewirson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 421, pl. 97—RrIcHENBACH, 
Natatores, 1848, pl. 18, figs. 258-260.—Dratanp, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 337.— 
KsaerBouiine, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 326, pl. 40A; Suppl., 1854, pl. 20, figs. 
1, 2.—BarrD, in Stansbury’s Rep. Expl. Great Salt Lake, 1852, 335 (Atlantic 
coast United States); Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 682.—Harriaus, Orn. 
W.-Afr., 1857, 253 (Gambia); Fauna Madag., 1861, 85 (Madagascar); Vég. 
Madag., 1877, 382.—LAWwRENCE. in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 
859.—LinprerMAyeEr, Vog. Griechenl., 1860, 81.—VERRILL, Proc. Essex Inst., 
iii, 1862, 161 (Maine).—Rappg, Reis. Sibir., Vég., 1863, 388.— BLaxIsTon, 
Ibis, 1863, 153 (Mackenzie River).—Satvapor1, Ucc. Sard., 1865, 120.— 
LayarpD, Birds 8. Africa, 1867, 269.—DrcLanp and GERBE, Orn. Eur., ii, 
1867, 448.—E.wes and Bucktey, Ibis, 1870, 337 (coast Albania; breeding 
on marshes of Dobrudscha).—Homeyer, Journ. fiir Orn., 1870, 438 (e. 
Siberia).—Finscu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1870, 364 (New Zealand); 1872, 253 (New 
Zealand).—Fivscu and Harriavus, Vég. Ost-Afr., 1870, 826.—GuRNEY, in 
Andersson’s Birds Damara-Land, 1872, 359; Zoologist, 1887, 457 (England ).— 
Hartine, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 167.—SHELLEY, Birds Egypt, 1872, 296.— 
Heveuin, Orn. N.O.-Afr., Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1873, 1484.—Patmén, Finlands Fogl., 
1873, 564.—Brookxg, Ibis, 1873, 345 (Sardinia)—Covgs, Check List, 1873, 
no. 591; 2d ed., 1882, no. 793; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii, 1883, 62 (Cincin- 
nati, Ohio, 3 specs., Oct. 9, 1882; Little Miami River, Ohio, Oct. 15).— 
Saunpers, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 656 (monogr.).—DresserR, Birds 
Europe, viii, 1877, 289, pl. 584.—Sznnerr, Bull. U. 8. Geol. & Geog. Surv. 
Terr., iv, 1878, 65 (Galveston, Texas).—Tay tor, Ibis, 1878, 374 (Port Said 
and Damietta, Egypt)—Hensuaw, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv, 1879, 243 
(Cobbs Island, Virginia, breeding; descr. downy young).—BoarpmMan, Bull. 
Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 64 (Lake Jesup, Florida, March).—Ripeway, Bull. 
Nutt. Orn. Club, v, 1880, 221 (Cobbs Island, Virginia, breeding; descr. nest 
and eggs); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 680.—Lrccz, Birds Ceylon, 
1880, 1008.—Prarsatt, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 63 (Cobbs 
Island, Virginia, breeding; descr. nest and eggs).—NELSON, Cruise of ‘Cor- 
win,’ in 1881 (1883), 109 (mouth of Yukon River, rare; not north of St. 
Michael’s Alaska).—Mitne-Epwarps and GranpipiEr, Hist. Nat. Madag., 
Ois., 1882, 650.—SEEBouM, Ibis, 1882, 230 (Seal Islands, Caspian Sea, breed- 
ing); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 268 —Brirish OrnirHoLocists’ UNIon, 
List Brit. Birds, 1883, 182.—Snetuey, Ibis, 1883, 562 (Bonny River, w. 
Africa).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Water Birds N. Am., ii, 1884, 
280.—SuHarpe, ed. Layard’s Birds S. Africa, 1884, 703; Rep. Voy. ‘Alert,’ 
1884, 28.—DutcueEr, Auk, i, 1884, 34 (Shinnecock Bay, Long Island, Sept., 
1882; six specs.).—TurNeEr, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vili, 1885, 252 (Moose Fac- 
tory, Ontario) —SaunpeErs, Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 625.—RericHENow, Syst. 
Verz. Vég. Deutschl., 1889, 62; Vég. Deutsch. Ost-Afr., 1894, 20.—Litrorp, 
Ibis, 1889, 347 (Cyprus).—GArTKE, Vogelw. Helgoland, 1891, 586.—Friva.p- 
sky, Av. Hung., 1891, 179.—MaparAsz, Ausst. Ung. Vogelf., 1891, 121.— 
