BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 491 
dusky; iris dark brown; legs and feet intense orange or orange-red 
(in life). 
Adults in winter——Similar to the summer plumage, but pileum 
white, tinged on occiput and nape with grayish, the side of head 
with a dusky stripe surrounding eye and extending along upper 
portion of auricular region; tail with lateral rectrices relatively shorter 
and broader; bill duller orange, and feet paler or less intense 
orange-red. . 
Young.—Similar to winter adults, but pileum, hindneck, back, 
scapulars, tertials, and wing-coverts overlaid or washed with brown, 
this nearly uniform on crown and back, the sides of head tinged 
with the same; rectrices all distinctly dusky terminally, especially 
on inner webs. 
Downy young.—Upper parts light buffy brown or avellaneous, 
irregularly spotted or marbled with black; under parts slightly paler 
buffy brown, passing into nearly brownish white on chest, breast, 
and abdomen, the throat usually more or less strongly suffused with 
sooty; bill light brownish basally, dusky terminally; feet pale brownish. 
Adult male.—Wing, 246-269 (258.4); tail, 151-218.5 (174.2); 
exposed culmen, 38~42 (39.4); tarsus, 22.5-24 (23.2); middle toe, 20- 
22.5 (21).¢ 
Adult female—Wing, 242-264 (255.6); tail, 140-168.5 (158.5); 
exposed culmen, 37-41 (39); tarsus, 21.5-24 (22.8); middle toe, 
19.5-22.5 (20.8).° 
Breeding from southern Oregon (Lower Klamath Lake; Tule 
Lake), Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan River), Manitoba (Lake Mani- 
toba; Lake Winnipeg; Lake Winnipegosis; Shoal Lake; Waterhen 
River; Selkirk) southward to interior lakes and marshes of Cali- 
fornia (tule marshes near Sacramento; Eagle Lake; Lake Tahoe), 
Nevada (marshes near sink of Humboldt River; Ruby Lake; 
Franklin Lake), Utah (marshes of Utah Lake and Great Salt Lake), 
northern Colorado, northern Nebraska, Minnesota (Grant, Traverse, 
and Becker counties), northeastern Illinois (Cook County), and 
southern Ontario, (Mohawk Island, in Lake Erie; St. Clair Flats); 
4 Thirteen specimens. b Eleven specimens. 
‘ ‘ Cul- Middle 
Locality. Wing. Tail. men. Tarsus.. toes 
MALES. 
Ten adult males from coast of Virgimia.................--.226-- 256.8 | 176.2 39.5 23.2 21 
Three adult males from California (2) and Nevada (1)....-..-.- 263.7 | 167.3 39.2 23.2 20.8 
FEMALES. 
Ten adult females from coast of Virgimia.................-.-+-- 254.8 | 157.7 39.1 22.8 20.8 
One adult females from Mevada........-.....22-20222e eee eee 264 166 37.5 23 21 
