BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 499 
Sterna dougalli (not of Montagu) Layarp, Birds South Africa, 1867, 369.— 
CuapMan, Trav. 8S. Africa, 1868, 424. 
Sterna tibetana SaunpERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 649.—Humz, Stray 
Feathers, v, 1877, 485 (Tibet, n. of Sikkim, India); viii, 1879, 158 (Tonka, 
Malay Peninsula). 
Sterna major OLPHE-GAILLIARD, Contr. Faun. Orn. Eur. Occ., pt. x, 1886, 28. 
[Sterna paradisxa]* (not of Briinnich) Dwient, Auk, iv, 1887, 14 (Cape Breton 
Island, Nova Scotia, breeding, see Dwight, Auk, vi, 1889, 186). 
STERNA PARADISZA Briinnich. 
ARCTIC TERN. 
Adults in swmmer (sexes alike).—Pileum and nape, including upper 
two-thirds of lores, uniform deep black; rest of upper parts mostly 
plain light gray (between light and pale neutral gray), the tips of 
secondaries and tertials, upper tail-coverts, and greater part of tail 
(including whole of inner webs) white; elongated lateral rectrix with 
outer web deep gray, growing darker terminally, in strong and abrupt 
contrast with pure white of inner web, the outer web of next rectrix 
pale gray; outermost primary with outer web dark gray or slate color; 
inner webs of all the primaries mostly white, with a stripe of silvery 
gray next to shaft, this gray stripe growing gradually wider toward 
inner primaries, on which it extends across tip of inner web and 
runs anteriorly near edge for a greater or less distance, the three or 
four innermost primaries, however, with inner webs light silvery gray 
edged with white; under tail-coverts, axillars, and under wing-coverts 
immaculate pure white; rest of under parts plain light gray (pale 
neutral gray, slightly paler than color of upper parts), fading into still 
paler gray on throat and chin, and into white on sides of head, next 
to black of pileum and lores; bill carmine or nopal red, usually tipped 
with blackish; iris dark brown; legs and feet intense red. 
Adults in winter —Similar to summer adults, but forehead, crown, 
and anterior portion of lores white, the crown streaked with black, 
only the occiput, nape, and posterior portion of lorcs uniform 
black; under parts white, sometimes slightly tinged with gra, 
Young.—Orbital region, occiput, and posterior portion of crown 
dull black; forehead and anterior portion of lores and: crown white, 
the crown intermixed with blackish and stained with brownish; 
back, scapulars, and wings pale gray, the feathers, tipped with pale 
buff and marked with a subterminal lunule of dusky brown, these 
markings most distinct on tertials and longer scapulars, more faint 
on back; primaries and secondaries much as in adults; lower rump, 
upper tail-coverts, and entire under parts white, the lateral portions of 
chest and breast stained with pale dull brownish; outer webs of 
rectrices deep gray or slate color, paler on middle pair, all the rectrices 
@ Mentioned, in text, under name Arctic Tern. 
