BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERIOA, 501 
eastern Pennsylvania (Delaware and Lehigh Rivers), and along Pacific 
coast to southern California (Monterey Bay); casual in Colorado 
(Loveland, July 9, 1889; near Denver, spring, 1887); accidental in 
Hawaiian group (Hilo Beach, May 9, 1891); wintering far southward 
(coasts of Brazil, Chile, Peru, etc., and parts of Antarctic Ocean); 
in Eastern Hemisphere breeds in Arctic region (up to lat. 82°, or higher, 
including Spitzbergen and other Arctic islands), from Iceland to the 
Commander Islands, Kamchatka, migrating southward to Africa 
and parts of Antarctic Ocean as far as lat. 74° S. 
[Sterna] hirundo, part (not of Linneus, 1758) Briinnicu, Orn. Bor., 1764, 45, part 
(young).—Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 227.—Rerzrus, Fauna Suecica, 
1800, 162. 
Sterna hirundo MtuuEr, Zool. animn., Prodr., 1774, 170.—Putrrs, Voy. towards 
North Pole, App., 1774, 188. —Fannrcrvs, Fauna Groenl., 1780, 105.— 
Mour, Island Naturh., 1786, 43.—Saprne (E.), Trans. Linn. Soc., xii, 1819, 
542 (Greenland).—Lzacu, in Ross’ Voy. Baffin Bay, App., ii, 1819, pl. 8.— 
Scoressy, Arctic Reg., i, 1820, 533 (Spitzbergen).—Faser, Prodr. Orn., 
1822, 68.—Breum, Vég. Deutschl., 1831, 781—Gamarp, Voy. Islande, 
Zool., 1851, 163.—Satvapor1, Faun. Ital., Ucc., 1871, 280.—Dresszr, 
Birds Eur., viii (pt. xii), 1872, 255, pl. 579.—Hartine, Handb. Brit. Birds, 
1872, 76.—Sueiizy, Birds Egypt, 1872, 299.—Hxvaun, Orn. N. O.-Afr., 
Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1878, 1421.—Atston and Harviz-Browy, Ibis, 1873, 12 (Arch- 
angel, n. Russia).—Durnrorp, Ibis, 1874, 200 (North Frisian Islands, breed- 
ing).—Irpy, Orn. Str. Gibr., 1875, 210.—Nrwrton, Arctic Man., 1875, 105.— 
Srrsoum and Harvis-Browy, Ibis, 1876, 451 (lower Petchora River, Russia; 
habits)—Cortert, Nyt Mag. Naturv., 1877, 214 (Norway).—Giceuiou1, Ibis, 
1881, 217 (Genoa, Italy).—Neauz, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 654 (Franz Josef 
Land).—O.prue-GaLiarD, Contr. Faun. Orn. Eur. Occid., pt. x, 1886, 21.— 
Hagerup, Birds Greenl., 1891, 47.—Scuatow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1891, 262 
(St. Paul Island, Pribilof group, Alaska). 
[Sterna] hirundo Herve and Reicuenow, Nom. Mus. Hein. ous. 1890, 354. 
Stuna [typ. error] hirundo O’ Remy, Greenland, 1818, 143. 
Sterna paradisxa BRunnicg, Orn. Bor., 1764, 46 (Christiansde Island, Denmark).— 
Scuiuert, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 24 (Sternae), 1864, 15.—Buasrus, Journ. 
fiir Orn., 1866, 74 (monogr.)—DrGLanp and GERBE, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 
458.—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Water Birds N. Am., ii, 1884, 299.— 
Turner, Auk, ii, 1885, 158 (Semechi Island, Aleutian chain, breeding); 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii, 1885, 252 (Ungava Bay, breeding); Contr. N. H. 
Alaska, 1886, 127 (St. Michaels, etc.; habits)—Stesneazr, Bull. U. 8. 
Nat. Mus., no. 29, 1885, 85 (Bering Island, Kamchatka, a few breeding); 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., x, 1887, 124 (Bering Island).—Amzrican ORNI- 
THOLOGISTs’ Union, Check List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 71; 3d ed., 1910, 
p. 44.—Mewes and Homeyver, Ornis, ii, 1886, 272 (Archangel, Russia).— 
Neutson, Rep. N. H. Coll. Alaska, 1887, 58 (habits)—TownsEnp (C. H.), 
Cruise ‘Corwin’ in 1885 (1887), 90 (lower Kowak River, July, Aug.).— 
Patmin, Vega-Exped., Bd. v, 1887, 349.—CHamBERLAIN, in Hagerup’s 
Birds Greenl., 1891, 47.—Macrartanp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., xiv, 1891, 
419 (Fort Anderson, Mackenzie).—Cooxsz, Birds Ool., 1897, 51 (Loveland, 
Colorado, July 9, 1889, and near Denver, Spring, 1887).—Stonez, Birds E. 
Penn. and N. J., 1894, 46 (Delaware and Lehigh Rivers, Pennsylvania).— 
CuarMan, Bull. Am. Mus., xii, 1899, 229 (Disko Bay, etc., Greenland).— 
