BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 533 
grayish black (blackish fuscous or fuscous-black to cheetura black, 
varying, rarely, to deep purple-gray); under tail-coverts and anal 
region immaculate white; back and scapulars, rump, upper tail- 
coverts, tail, and wings deep neutral gray or purple-gray, the wings 
somewhat lighter (neutral gray); edge of wing, from body to carpo- . 
metacarpal joint, white; axillars and under wing-coverts light neutral 
gray; bill black, the rictus purplish red (in life); interior of mouth 
lavender pink (in life); iris dark brown; legs and feet dusky livid 
purplish (in life). 
Adults in winter.—Head, neck, and under parts white, the orbital 
and auricular regions dusky, the crown and occiput dark grayish, 
the feathers margined with paler; upper parts (except as described) 
as in summer. 
Young.—Similar to winter adults, but scapulars, interscapulars, 
and tertials tipped with light buffy brownish, anterior lesser wing- 
coverts dusky, crown, occiput, and nape dusky, and sides and flanks 
washed or tinged with gray. © 
Downy young..—Upper parts light sayal brown, snuff brown, or 
verona brown, the rump with large irregular spots of blackish, the 
back and occiput usually with similar but much smaller markings; 
under parts paler brown becoming much paler (sometimes dull 
whitish) on chest; sides of head, including lores (sometimes also 
anterior portion of forehead, sometimes only the loral and orbital 
regions) dull whitish or very pale brownish. 
Adult male.—Wing, 192-213 (203.2); tail, 73-87.5 (79.8); exposed 
culmen, 26-29.5 (27); tarsus, 14.5-16 (15.4); middle toe, 15-16 
(15.6).¢ 
Adult female-—Wing, 191-215 (199.6); tail, 73.5-82 (77.8); ex- 
posed culmen, 25.5-27 (26.2); tarsus, 14-16.5 (15.6); middle toe, 
14.5-16.5 (15.5). ¢ 
@ Ten specimens. 
: : Ex- |, : 
Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | Tarsus. suas 
culmen. e. 
MALES. 
Six adult males from Europe (5) and northern Africa (1) (HI. n. 
MID TO sexs na aptscleianaancenon dr xeMoouaee Deas Seen rae 207.7 | 79.8] 26.4] 15.8 15.4 
One adult male from Virginia (Isaacs, July 20).... "197 73 29.5] 14.5 15.5 
Fight adult males from Mississippi Valley........ 203. 9 80. 2 26.7 15.6 15. 6 
One adult male from California.............2.22.222-002- eee ee 203. 5 82.5 27.5 15 15.5 
FEMALES, 
Four adult females from Europe (H. n. nigra) iasacineaqzaiseaseee 202.7 81.6 27.7 15.7 15.6 
One adult.female from Pennsylvania (Carlisle, May 24)........ 200 77 27 15 15 
Seven adult females from Mississippi Valley..............-..-- 199.7 79 26.4 15.9 15.8 
Two adult females from California.................-.--22-2--- 202 75.7 25.2 14.2 14.7 
