538 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
Breeding in central and southern Europe and eastward to China 
(but not in Japan); migrating southward over whole of Africa and 
southern Asia, Malay Archipelago, etc., to Australia and New Zealand; 
accidental in Wisconsin (Lake Koshikonone, July 5, 1873)¢ and 
Barbados, Lesser Antilles (Oct. 24, 1888). 
(?) [Sterna] fissipes Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 228 (s. Europe; based 
essentially on Sterna nigra Brisson, Orn., vi, 1760, 211, pl. 20, fig. 1).— 
Gmetin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 610. 
(2) Sterna fissipes Mitnomn, Syst. Nat., Suppl., 1776, 354. 
Sterna fissipes Pautas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 338 (excl. syn.).—Ayrzs, 
Ibis, 1871, 267 (Transvaal). 
Hydrochelidon fissipes Bon, Isis, 1844, 184.—Taczanowsx1, Bull. Soc. Zool. 
France, 1876, 262 (e. Siberia).—Rappr, Orn. Caucas., 1884, 488.—Brustina, 
Orn. Croatia, 1889, 92. 
(2) [Sterna] cinerea GuEtin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 607 (Italy; based on L’Hi- 
rondelle de mer, cendrée Brisson, Orn., vi, 1760, 210=young).—LartHam, 
Index Orn., ii, 1790, 808. : 
(2) Sterna cinerea Viztutor, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 167. 
Sterna leucoptera Temmincx, Man. d’Orn., 1815, 483 (shores of Mediterranean 
Sea; Swiss lakes, etc.); 2d ed., 1820, 747—Mztsner and Scuinz, Vég. 
Schweiz, 1815, 264.—VizrttotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxxii, 1819, 169; 
Tabl. Enc. Méth., i, 1820, 348; Faun. Franc., Ois., 1828, 397, pl. 160, fig. 2.— 
Breum, Beitr. Végelk., iii, 1822, 676.—Werner, Atlas, Palmipédes, 1828, 
pl. 12.—Lzsson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 622.—Savi, Orn. Tosc., iii, 1831, 83.— 
Goutp, Birds Europe, v, 1837, pl. 423 and text.—Naumann, Voég. Deutschl., 
x, 1840, 214, pl. 257.—Scuinz, Europ. Faun., 1840, 375.—Scuuecet, Rev. 
Crit., 1844, p. cxxxi—Mtuz, Orn. Griechenl., 1844, 147.—YarreExu, Brit. 
Birds, 1st Suppl., 1845, 527; Brit. Birds, 2d ed., ili, 1845, 527. REICHENBACH, 
Natatores, 1848, pl. 20, figs. 803-806.—Dreanp, Ois. Eur., ii, 1849, 351.— 
Tuompson, Birds Ireland, iii, 1851, 307.—Batpamus, Naumannia, 1851, 
Heft iv, 47 (Hungary, breeding).—Branpr, in Lehmann’s Reis. Buchara, 
1852, 330 (Trans-Ural steppe).—KsaERBOLLING, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 332, pl. 
60B; Suppl., 1854, pl. 21, figs. 3, 4—Hxuanin, Syst. Ueb., 1856, 71 (Egypt; 
Nubia).—Meryer, Brit. Birds, vii, 1857, 105, pl. 296.—LinpERMaYEr, Vég. 
Griechenl., 1860, 181.—JarcKEt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, 300 (crit.).—Powvys, 
Ibis, 1861, 357 (Corfu).—Wricut, Ibis, 1864, 153 (Malta).—Dysowsx1, 
Journ. fiir Orn., 1868, 338 (Dauria)—Enwes and Bucxtey, Ibis, 1870, 338 
(Epirus).—Homever, Journ. fiir Orn., 1870, 439 (e. Siberia).—Hartine, 
Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 169.—Bucxury, Ibis, 1874, 391 (Transvaal).— 
Srrsouy, Ibis, 1882, 231 (Kirghis Steppes); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 257.— 
Stevenson and SouTHweEtt, Birds Norfolk, iii, 1890, 316.—HartLavs, 
Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, xii, Heft ii, 1892, 334 (Tientsin, China). 
St{erna] leucoptera Keysertine and Buastus, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xcviii, 248. 
Hydrochelidon leucoptera Bore, Isis, 1822, 563.—Bream, Vég. Deutschl., 1831, 
796; Naumannia, 1855, 295; Vogelf., 1855, 350.—Bonaparte, Cat. Ucc. Eur., 
1842, 77.—ReicHensacu, Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. 4; Av. Syst. Nat., Longi- 
pennes, 1852, p. v.—Macainuivray, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 661.—ScHRENCK, 
4 There is also a record of ‘‘six of these birds seen on a small lake near the source 
of the western branch of Swan River [Manitoba] on September 1, 1881;’’ but as no 
specimens were obtained the record can not be considered a valid one. (See Seton, 
Auk, iii, 1886, 148.) , 
