568 
BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
Cresron, Orn. Gard, 1840, 487.—Norpmann, in Démidoff, Voy. Russ, 
Mérid., iii, 1840, 281 (Odessa, 1 spec.).—Sztys-Lonacuames, Faune Belge, 
1842, 153.—YaRRELL, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1848, 444; 2d ed., iti, 1845, 562,.— 
ScHLEGEL, Rev. Crit., 1844, p. exxvi; Vog. Nederl., 1854, 599, pls. 350, 351; 
Dier. Nederl. Vogels, 1861, 236; Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 30.— 
DeKay, Zool. New York, ii, 1844, 361.—Hrwirson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, 1846, 
439, pl. 124.—Jarping, Contr. Orn., 1849, 86 (Bermudas).—DscaLanp, Orn, 
Eur., ii, 1849, 316.—Hurpis, in Jardine’s Contr. Orn., 1850, 13 (Bermudas. 
March, 1849, several).—Tuomrson, Birds Ireland, iii, 1851, 340.—Kysarr- 
BOLLING, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 338, pl. 41.—Bamy, Orn. Savoie, iv, 1854, 316.— 
Heveun, Journ. fiir Orn., 1857, 103 (n. Eprope); Ibis, 1872, 65 (w. coast 
Novaya Zemlya).—Armstrona, N. W. Pass. ‘Investigator,’ 1857, 347.(Prince 
Albert Land).—Jonzs, Naturalist in Bermuda, 1859, 92.—Bianp, An. Rep. 
Smithson. Inst., 1859, 289 (Bermudas).—LinpeRMaYER, Vég. Griechenl., 
1860, 174.—Miituur, Vid. Medd., 1862 (1863), 70 (Faroe Islands).—Wricut, 
This, 1864, 151 (Malta); 1874, 238 (Malta).—Dzetanp and GERBE, Om. 
Eur., ii, 1867, 428.—Matmeren, Oefv. K. Vet.-Ak. Stockholm, 1863, 104; 
1864, 387 (Spitzbergen).—Drostz, Journ. ftir Orn., 1869, 386 (Faroes),— 
Gray, (R.) Birds West Scotland, 1871, 478.—Hxrvetin, Ibis, 1872, 65 (Novaya 
Zemlya).—GopMan, Ibis, 1872, 222 (Teneriffe, Canary Islands).—Har- 
tine, Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 77.—Covuxrs, Check List, 1873, no. 552.— 
Finscu; Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, v, 1873, 366 (s. Greenland).—Paumin, 
Finlands Fogl., 1873, 608.—SunpEvatt, Oefv. K. Vet.-Ak. Stockholm, 
1874, 21 (Spitzbergen).—Bessets, Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 1875, 296 (Thank 
God Harbor); Amerik. Nordpol-Exp., 1879, 312 (Smith Sound, lat. 81° 40’ 
N.).—MerriaM, Birds Conn., 1877, 182.—RaTuHBun (F. R.), Rev. List Birds 
Centr. N. Y., 1879, 41 (Seneca Lake, 1 spec.).—SzzBonM, Ibis, 1879, 24; 
1882, 385 (Archangel, Russia); Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 340.—Ronp, Birds 
Cornwall, 1880, 169.—Cottins, Rep. U. 8. Com. Fisheries for 1882 (1884), 330 
(Grand Banks, etc.; habits).—Rappg, Orn. Caucas., 1884, 479 (Caspian Sea?). 
—WatterR, Journ. fiir Orn., 1890, 240-250 (e. Spitzbergen).—STEvenson and 
SouTHWELL, Birds Norfolk, iii, 1890, 334.—GArKE, Vogelw. Helgoland, 
1891, 575.— Jacket and Buastius, Vég. Bayerns, 1891, 359.—CLarKE (W.E.), 
Ibis, 1899, 48 (Whale Point Harbor, etc., Spitzbergen; breeding on Ryk-ys 
and King Charles islands). 
Lfarus] tridactylus Fasrr, Prodr. Island. Orn., 1822, 90 (Iceland),—Kryseruine 
and Buiasrus, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xcv, 242.—Nexson, Bull. Essex Inst., 
viii, 1876, 146 (Lake Michigan, Illinois, rare winter visitant). 
Larus trydactylus Temmincx, Cat. Syst., 1807, 187. 
[Gavia] tridactylus Bots, Isis, 1822, 563. 
Cheimonea tridactyla Kaur, Natiirl. Syst., 1829, 84, 196. 
[Chetmonea] tridactyla HEINE and ReicHENow, Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn., 1890, 360. 
Laroides tridactylus Brum, Vég. Deutschl., 1831, 754. 
Rissa tridactyla Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 62.—Macartnvray, Man. 
Brit. Orn., 1842, 249; Hist. Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 515.—Gray, List Birds Brit. 
Mus., Anseres, 1844, 174; Gen. Birds, iii, 1846, pl. 180, fig. 6; List Brit. Birds, 
1863, 236.—Breum, Naumannia, 1855, 294; Vogelfang, 1855, 341.—Hart- 
LAUB, Orn. Westafrik., 1857, 253 (Senegal).—Lawrence, in Baird, Rep. 
Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 854; Ann. Lyc, N.Y., viii, 1867, 299 (vicinity New 
York City).—Batrp, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 672.—Wuraton, Ohio 
Agric, Rep., 1860, no, 270 (n. Ohio) —Ruiwnarpt, Ibis, 1861, 18 (Green- 
land).—Covurs,Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 304 (monogr.); Check List, 2d 
ed. ,1882, no. 782.—Newron, in Baring-Gould’s Iceland, 1863, 418; This, 1865, 
508 (Spitzbergen; habits); Arctic Man., 1875, 106.—Satvaport,Ucc. Sardin., 
