BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 569 
1864, 181; Faun. Ital., Ucc., 1872, 291; Ucc. Ital., 1887, 289.—Buastus, 
Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 384 (crit.)—-Gopman, Ibis, 1866, 103 (Azores); Azores, 
1870, 88.—Locuz, Expl. Sci. Algér., Ois., ii, 1867, 185.—GrLz7T, Ibis, 1870, 
306 (Novaya Zemlya).—F rirscu, Vig. Eur., 1870, 464, pl. 56, fig. 9.—BLAKE- 
Knox, Zoologist, n. s., 1870, 2119-2124 (plumages).—Saunpers, Ibis, 
1871, 400 (Sp1in); 1884,391 (Gulf of Gascony); 1891, 188 (Lake Léman, Switzer- 
land); Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 163 (monogr.); Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv, 
1878, 394 (range); ed. Yarrell’s Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 650; Man. Brit. 
Birds, 1889, 667; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 458, part.—GouLp, Birds 
Great Brit., v, 1873, pl.61 and text.—Co.zzrt, Forh. Selsk. Christiania, 1873, 
297 (n. Norway); N. Mag. Naturv., 1877, 211 (Norway).—Hevueuin, Orn. 
Nordost-Afr., Bd. ii, pt. 2, 1874, 1415 (Egypt, in winter).—Insy, Orn. Str. 
Gibralt., 1875, 212.—Frmpen, Ibis, 1877, 409 (Port Foulke, Smith Sound); 
in Markham’s Polar Reconn., 1881, 334 (Novaya Zemlya); Trans. Norwich 
Soc., iii, 1881, 209 (Franz Josef Land); iv. 1887, 351 (Labrador).—Ripaway, 
Field and Forest, ii, 1877, 210 (Boulder Co., Colorado, 1 spec., Dec.); Proc- 
U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 206 (Cat. N. Am. Birds, no. 658); Nom. N. Am. 
Birds, 1881, no. 658.—Kumuien, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 99 (Cum. 
berland Sound).—Harrt, Zoologist, 1880, 207 (78° N. lat.).—Gretiout, Ibis, 
1881, 219 (Italian records); Avif. Ital., 1886, 427; 1 Resoc. Avif. Ital., 1889, 51; 
2 Resoc., 1890, 660.—CuamBERLAIN, Birds New Brunsw., 1882, 61; Auk, vi, 
1889, 213 (s. Greenland).—Neratez, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 654 (Franz 
Josef Land).—Merrrram, Bull, Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, 
Quebec, breeding).—Brewsrer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xxii, 1883, 398 
(Birds Rock and Anticosti Island, breeding; habits).—Stzarns, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., vi, 1878, 122 (Labrador).—Re, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 25, 1884, 
267 (Bermudas, frequent).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripeway, Water Birds 
N. Am., ii, 1884, 202, part.—Torrz and Tscuusti, Ornis, 1885, 561 (Hun- 
gary).—ALBARDA, Ornis, 1885, 630 (Holland).—AmeErican ORNITHOLOGISTS’ 
Union, Check List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 40.- Grénpat, Ornis, 1886, 
871 (Iceland).—O.LPHE-GALLIARD, Contr. Faun. Eur. Occid., fase. x, 1886, 
82.—FiscHer and PreizeLn, Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien, 1886, 211 (Jan Mayen 
Land),—Harvit-Brown and Bucxuzy, Faun. Sutherl., etc., 1887, 234; 
Faun. Outer Hebrides, 1888, 150; Faun. Argyll, etc., 1892, 1833.—ScunzipEr, 
Ornis, 1887, 551 (upper Alsace).—Tarr, Ibis, 1887, 396 (Portugal).—Taczanow- 
SKI, Ornis, 1888, 508 (Poland).—Cooxz, Bird Migr. Miss. Val., 1888, 55 
(Great Lakes); Birds Col., 1897, 50 (Boulder Co., Colorado, 1 spec.)._-GREELY, 
Rep. Exped. Lady Franklin Bay, ii, 1888, 22 (Fort Conger, Grinnell Land).— 
BisHop, Auk, vi, 1889, 145 (Magdalen Islands, breeding).—RzicHENOW, 
Syst. Verz. Vég. Deutschl., 1889, 62.—Brusina, Orn. Croatia, 1889, 94.— 
Keer, Orn. Carinthiae, 1890, 302.—CLarxe (W. E.), Zoologist, 1890, 48 
(Jan Mayen Land. breeding; descr. nest and eggs); Ibis, 1892, 442-447 (devel- 
opment of rudimentary hallux); 1898, 267 (Franz Josef Land, breeding; 
habits).—Rivss, Cat. Birds Virg., 1890, 41 (Cobbs Island, Virginia, rare in 
winter).—Borrer, Birds Sussex, 1891, 273.—Hacerur, Birds Greenland, 
1891, 46.—Stonz, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1892, 149 (Melville Bay); Birds 
E. Penn. and N. J., 1894, 42.—Harrert, Ibis, 1892, 520 (e. Prussia, winter). 
D’Urspan and Maruews, Birds Devon, 1892, 371.—Macrurrson, Birds 
Lakeland, 1892, 437.—Hartine, Journ. fiir Orn., 1893, 12 (Madeira Islands).— 
Ware, Auk, x, 1893, 222 (Mackinaw Island, Michigan, migrant).—Buaaa, 
Ibis, 1893, 357 (Shetland Islands, breeding).—Mzapg-Wa po, Ibis, 1893, 206 
(Canary Islands).—Litrorp, Col. Figs. Birds Brit. Is., pt. xxiv, 1893; Birds 
Northampt., 1893, 406.—Bagee, Auk, xi, 1894, 162 (Constantia, Oswego Co., 
New York, Nov. 9, 1890).—Prarson and Browse t, Ibis, 1894, 236 (n. Nor- 
