BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 573 
Koliuchin Islands, n. e. Siberia); Auk, xxxix, 1916, 44 (Saghalin Island; 
Japan, July).—Cooxr, Bull. 292, U. S. Dept. Agric. (Biol, Surv.), 1915, 
19, fig. 6 (range and migrations).—GRINNELL (J.), Pacific Coast Avif., no. 11, 
1915, 21 (winter visitant, south to San Diego).—Brooxs (W. S.), Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zool., lix, 1915, 375 (Commander Islands and e. coast Kamchatka, 
May; e. coast Siberia; Bering Straits)—Grianin1, Auk, xxxiv, 1917, 397 
(Stepovak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, breeding). 
R{tssa] tridactyla pollicaris Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 25. 
Rissa tridactyla (pollicaris?) Lawrence (R. H.), Auk, ix, 1892, 353 (Gray’ eHarbor; 
Washington, flock, Feb. 12). 
Larus (Rissa) tridactylus . . . pollicaris Pauman, ‘Vega’ Exped., v, 1887, 358 (n.e. 
Siberia). 
Rissa pollicaris StesneceR, Auk, v, July, 1888, 310, in text.—GnrinNeELL, Pacific 
Coast Avifauna, no. 3, June, 1902, 11 (California range). 
Rissa brevirostris (not of Brandt) Lawrences, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 
ix, 1858, 855, part. 
Larus canus (not of Linneus) Linton, Condor, ix, 1907, 110 (Alamitos Bay, Los 
Angeles Co., California, April 14). 
RISSA BREVIROSTRIS (Bruch). 
RED-LEGGED KITTIWAEE. 
Adults in summer (sexes alike).—Head, neck, rump, upper tail- 
coverts, tail, and entire under parts immaculate pure white; back, 
scapulars, and wings plain neutral gray, the secondaries broadly 
tipped with white; outermost primary with outer web black, the 
next mostly (sometimes wholly) black, the next three black subter- 
minally (the black decreasing from about 63-64 mm. on the third to 
about 19 mm, on the fifth), the tip of each gray, like back, etc. ; proxi- 
mal primaries neutral gray, their inner webs broadly edged, their 
outer webs tipped with white, the sixth (from outside) usually with 
a black subterminal spot on outer web; bill lemon or chrome yellow, 
slightly tinged with greenish terminally; rictus and inside of mouth 
orange-red or vermilion (in life); iris dark brown; naked eye-ring 
vermilion red (in life); legs and feet vermilion red (yellowish in dried 
skins). 
Winter plumage—Similar to the summer plumage, but hindneck 
tinged with neutral gray and auricular region with a transverse spot 
or bar of the same. 
Young.—Similar to adults but nape crossed by a broad band of 
grayish black or blackish slate, auricular region with a transverse 
spot or band of the same, and a suffusion of blackish in front of eye; 
primary coverts and outer webs of three or four outer primaries 
black, but no other black on wings and none on tail; bill black or 
dusky; legs and feet brownish. 
Downy young.—Head, neck, wings and under parts immaculate 
white, the neck and base of wings more or less tinged with buff; back, 
rump, and flanks yellowish gray, the down darker basally. (Appar- 
ently identical in coloration with the same stage of 2. tridactyla.) 
