BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 579 
Pagophila eburnea Kaur, Sk. Entw. Eur. Thierw. (Natiirl. Syst.), 1829, 69.— 
Gray, List Gen. Birds, ed. 1841, 90 and App. p. 15; List Birds Brit. Mus., 
Anseres, 1844, 174; Gen. Birds, iii, 1846, pl. 180, fig. 1; List Brit. Birds, 1863, 
237.—RuicHenBacn, Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. 5; Av. Syst. Nat., Longipennes, 
1852, p. v.—Licurenstrin, Nom. Av. Mus. Berol., 1854, 99.—REINHARDT, 
Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 443 (Greenland); Ibis, 1861, 18 (Greenland).—Brexm, 
Naumannia, 1855, 295.—Carrtt, Jour. Roy. Dublin Soc., i, 1856, 57, pls. 1, 2 
(Prince Patrick Island; descr. eggs).—LawreEnce, in Baird, Rep. Pacific 
R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 856.—Barrp, Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no 676.—Evans 
and Stures, Ibis, 1859, 171 (w. Spitzbergen).—Nrwron, Proc. Zool. Soc. 
Lond., 1861, 400 (Spitzbergen; descr. eggs); Ibis, 1865, 507 (Spitzbergen; 
habits; descr. nest and eggs; crit.); Arctic Man., 1875, 105.—Coves, Proc. 
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 308 (monogr.); Check List, 2d ed., 1882, no. 785.— 
Wricut, Ibis, 1866, 216 (Polynia Islands; Prince Patrick Id.; breeding).— 
Matua@ren, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 200 (Spitzbergen).—Buastvs, Journ. fiir 
Orn., 1865, 384 (crit.).—Drq@Lanp and Gere, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 405.— 
Locue, Expl. Sci. Algér., Ois., ii, 1867, 188 (Algeria?).—F rirscu, Vég. Eur., 
1867, 464, pl. 55, figs. 3, 5.—GitLerr, Ibis, 1870, 306 (Novaya Zemlya).— 
Cotuett, Forh. Selsk. Christiania, 1873, 297 (n. Norway); N. Mag. Naturv., 
1877, 210 (n. Norway).—PzLzELn, Ibis, 1873, 52 (spec. in coll. Leverian 
Mus.)—Govtp, Birds Great Brit., v. 1873, pl. 62 and text.—Dreusszr, Birds 
Europe, viii, 1877, 349, pl. 595.—Fritpen, Ibis, 1877, 409 (Smith Sound; 
n. to 82° 20’, s. to Baffin Bay); Zoologist, 1878, 417; 1879, 8 (Prince Albert 
Land); in Markham’s Polar Reconn., 1881, 334 (Novaya Zemlya); Trans. 
Norwich Soc., iii, 1881, 209-211 (Franz Josef Land); iv, 1887 351 (Digges 
Island, Hudson Bay).—Saunprrs, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 162 (monoegr.) ; 
ed. Yarrell’s Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 656; Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 669; Cat. 
Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 301; Ibis, 1904, 234 (Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, 
July, Sept., not breeding).—Kumuten, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 99 
(Cumberland Sound).—Rineway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 206 (Cat. 
N. Am.Birds no. 657); Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 657.—Brewster, Bull. 
Nutt. Orn. Club, vi, 1881, 187 (St. Johns, New Brunswick, Nov., 1880).—Mrr- 
RiaAM, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, Quebec, April, 
1877).—CaamBeRLAIN, Bull. N. H. Soc. New Brunswick, 1882, 61.—NEALE, 
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, 653 (Franz Josef Land).--Nreson, Cruise ‘Corwin’ 
in 1881 (1883), 104 (Tafkau, n. e. Siberia; off Herald Island; etc.).—BririsH 
OrnirHotocists’ Union, List Brit. Birds, 1883, 186.—TaczanowskI1, Bull. 
Soc. Zool. France, 1883, 341 (Kamchatka).—Bairp, Brewer, and Ripewayr, 
Water Birds, ii, 1884, 198.—CHapman, Trans. N. H. Soc. Northumberl., viii, 
pt. 1, 1884, 155 (Spitzbergen, breeding).—Cocxs, Zoologist, 1884, 13 (Spitz- 
bergen).—McLernegan, Cruise ‘Corwin,’ 1884, 124 (Hotham Inlet or Kowak 
River, Alaska).—HomryeEr, Ornis, 1885, 80 (Germany).—Murpocu, Rep. 
Point Barrow Exped., 1885, 122 (Point Barrow, Alaska).—GR6NDAL, Ornis, 
1886, 37 (Iceland).—Patmin,’ Vega’-Exped. Vetensk., v, 1887, 356 (all 
along Siberian coast)—BucxLry and Harvis-Brown, Faun. Orkney 
Islands, 1891, 229; Fauna Argyll and Inner Hebrides, 1892, 189.—Fatio 
and StupER, Cat. Ois. Suisse, 1892, 62 (Lake Léman).—Litrorp, Col. Figs. 
Brit. Birds, pt. xxvi, 1893.—CLarKE (W. E.), Zoologist, 1890, 50 (Jan Mayen 
Land); Ibis, 1898, 264 (Franz Josef Land, breeding; habits; descr. nest and ° 
eggs; etc.).—Poruam, Ibis, 1897, 106 (Ugor Strait).—Trevor-Batrys, Ibis, 
1897, 592 (Spitzbergen; habits).—PrEarson, Ibis, 1898, 202 (Bear Bay, Novaya 
Zemlya).—Cuapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xii, 1899, 225 (Sukkertoppen, 
Greenland, Oct., Nov.). 
