624 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
abruptly, tipped with white; outermost primary black with a white 
subterminal area, about 38-45 mm. long, involving both webs, the 
shaft, however, black; second primary (from outside) similar but with 
the white subterminal area smaller, and extreme tip also white; third 
primary with basal half (approximately) pale gray and apical white 
spot larger; fourth primary similar but the subterminal black area 
more restricted, the line between it and the pale gray anterior portion 
more sharply defined; fifth pale gray passing terminally into white, 
but crossed near tip by.a band of black about 19 mm. wide; sixth 
similar but with the subterminal black reduced to a more or less dis- 
tinct spot; remaining (proximal) primaries pale gray passing into 
white terminally, without any black subterminal markings; bill 
greenish yellow with a subterminal band of black, the tip sometimes 
tinged with orange or orange-yellow; interior of mouth deep orange- 
red; rictus and naked orbital ring vermilion red; iris light yellow or 
cream-yellow; legs and feet light yellow, sometimes slightly tinged 
with greenish. 
Adults in winter—Similar to summer adults, but head and neck 
(except chin, throat, and foreneck) streaked with brownish gray. 
Young.—Upper parts dusky grayish brown, the feathers margined 
with pale grayish buffy; primaries blackish, the proximal quills 
light gray basally and tipped with white; secondaries light gray for 
basal half (approximately), dusky or blackish distally, where edged 
with white; proximal two-thirds (approximately) of tail pale gray 
(more whitish basally) mottled with deeper brownish gray or grayish 
brown,. the distal third dusky or blackish, narrowly tipped with 
white; under parts white, spotted or clouded laterally with grayish 
brown; bill blackish, the basal portion of mandible and of maxillary 
tomia paler (dull flesh color in life); iris brown; naked orbital 
ring bluish; legs and feet grayish (in life). 
Downy young.—General color pale buffy grayish, paler (dull buffy 
whitish) on head, neck, and chest; head with numerous irregular 
blackish spots and streaks, of which the most distinct, and blackest, 
is a longitudinal spot or streak in center of forehead; back, rump, etc., 
more or less distinctly clouded or marbled with dusky; bill black, 
with terminal third or more dull yellowish. 
