BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 637 
ing (proximal) primaries gray tipped with white, the sixth (from out- 
side) sometimes with a subterminal spot or band of black; bill dark 
brownish red (in life) the terminal third of culmen and gonys blood 
red or carmine; iris dark brown; naked orbital ring dull dark red; 
legs and feet dark reddish brown (in life), the webs darker. 
Adults in winter—Similar to summer adults but head and upper 
neck white, the occipital and auricular regions spotted or mottled 
with brownish gray and the eyes more or less surrounded with the 
same. 
Young.—Interscapulars, scapulars, and smaller wing-coverts grayish 
brown, broadly margined with pale grayish buff or clay color; greater 
wing-coverts gray, tinged on margin of terminal portion with pale 
grayish buff; secondaries dusky, abruptly tipped with white; 
primary coverts and primaries dull black or slate-blackish, the latter 
narrowly tipped with white; central portion of rump light brownish 
gray, the lateral and posterior portions, together with upper tail- 
coverts and posterior under parts, white; basal half of tail light gray, 
the distal portion dull black, narrowly tipped with white; head, neck, 
chest, breast, and sides nearly uniform brownish gray or grayish 
brown, darker on occiput and nape, and more or less tinged with 
dull buffy on under parts (especially in younger individuals) ; abdomen 
grayish white or very pale brownish gray; bill and feet dusky (in 
dried skins). 
Downy young.—Upper parts deep grayish buffy or grayish fulvous, 
the head irregularly striped and spotted, the back, wings, and rump 
irregularly marbled with dusky; under parts light grayish fulvous, 
inclining to dull ochraceous on breast and abdomen, which are 
immaculate; lateral and lower portions of head marked with several 
largeand distinct spots of black; foreneck, sides, flank, and anal region 
dull fulvous-grayish, faintly mottled with darker; bill light brownish; 
legs and feet dusky brownish. 
Adult male.—Wing, 316-348 (332.7); tail, 121-135 (127.6); exposed 
culmen, 40-43 (41); tarsus, 47-53 (50.4); middle toe, 34.5-38 (36).¢ 
Adult female —Wing, 311-331 (322); tail, 116-125.5 (120.2); ex- 
posed culmen, 38-40 (39.1); tarsus, 46-51.5 (48.1); middle toe, . 
32.5-35 (33.5).% 
Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States, Gulf and Caribbean 
coasts of Mexico and Central America, Caribbean coast of northern 
South America, West Indies, and other islands in Caribbean Sea; 
breeding from Maine (Penobscot Bay)—formerly (up to 1856) from 
Nova Scotia (Green Island, near Yarmouth)—to southernmost Lesser 
Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, etc.), islands of Aruba, Bonaire, and 
Curacao, Margarita Island, Venezuela, Panama (Colén), cays off coast 
@Ten specimens. 
