BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 679 
Mfegalestris] skua Ripaway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 21. 
{Larus] catarractes Linnazus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, i, 1766, 226 (Arctic regions).— 
Gmeuin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 603.—Laruam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 818. 
Larus catarractes YARRELL, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 481. 
Lestris catarractes IntiaeR, Prodr. Orn., 1811, 272.—Temmincx, Man. d’Orn., 
c 1815, 511; 2d ed., ii, 1820, 792.—Fasricius, Prodr. Isl. Orn., 1822, 102.— 
Borg, Isis, 1822, 562.—Bonarartes, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1828 (‘‘Synopsis2’), 
364.—Hewirson, Eggs Brit. Birds, ii, [1831-1838], pl. 56 and text; 2d ed., 
1846, 451, pl. 129; 3d ed., 1856, 505, pl. 142.—Nurraut, Man. Orn. U. S. 
and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 312 (Newfoundland).—Eyton, Cat. Brit. Birds, 
1836, 51. Gown, Birds’ Europe, v, 1837, pl. 439 and text.—Scuinz, Eur. 
Faun., i, 1840, 387.—Scuircet, Rev. Crit., 1844, 84; Vog. Nederl., 1858, 
587, pl. 334; Tis, Nederl. Vogels, 1861, 231, pl. 33, ties, 9, 9a-—Micons 
Livray, Brit. Birds, v, 1852, 479. 
Stercorarius catarractes Gray, List Birds Brit. Mus., iti, Anseres, 1844, 168.— 
(?) Lawrencg, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vi, 1853, 7 (off coast California, lat. of Mon- 
terey);@ in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 838 (off coast of Cali- 
fornia).@—Scuiecer, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 23 (Lari), 1863, 45 (Iceland, 
Faroes).—Buaxiston, Ibis, 1863, 151 (Mackenzie River).—Drcianp and 
GeErRBE, Orn. Eur., 2d ed., ii, 1867, 392.—Exu1ot, Illustr. New and Unfig. 
N, Am. Birds, ii, 1869, pl. 55 and text.—Fermpen, Zoologist, 1872, 3290, 
(Faroe Islands).—SaunpzErs, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 319 (mono- 
gr.).— Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 188 (Gloucester, Massachu- 
setts, 1 spec., July 18, 1878); Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xx, 1879, 275 (Georges 
Bank, off Newfoundland). 
[Stercorarius] catarractes Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., xlii, 1856, 770; Consp. Av., 
ii, 1857, 206. F 
Larus cataractes TemMinck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 187. 
Lestris cataractes Bors, Isis, 1822, 875.—Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 616.—Nav- 
MANN, Vog. Deutschl., x, 1840, 470, pl. 270. —ScHatow, Journ. fir Orn., 
1891, 263 (Aleutian Islands). 
Lfestris} cataractes JenyNns, Man. Brit. Vert. Anim., 1835, 280. —Teaumen, Man. 
d’Orn., ed. 2, iv, 1840, 494. 
Slerconantus cataractes Suxys- Lonecuamps, Faune Belge, 1842, 56. 
Lestris catharractes Scuinz, Eur. Faun., i, ‘1840, 387. 
Lestris catarrhactes Kaur, Sk. Entw. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 739.—Wo..ey, Jardine’s 
Contr. Orn., 1850, 113 (Faroe Islands).—Rerrnuarpt, Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 
442 (Greenland).—Droste, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 383 (Faroes). 
Lfestris] catarrhactes KeyseRuine and Buiasius, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xciv, 239, 
. Stercorarius catarrhactes ViE1LLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., iv, 1817, 154; Faun. 
Frang., 1838, 385.—DxrGLanp, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 289.—Rernnarvt, Ibis, 
1861, 16 (Greenland); Vid. Medd. Nat. Forh. Kjobenhavn, 1881, 186 (Green- 
land).—Gray, List Brit. Birds, 1863, 227—Nrwron, in Baring-Gould’s Ice- 
_land, 1863, App. A., 418.—Bxasius, Journ. fiir Orn., 1865, 384 (crit.).— 
Saunvers, Ibis, 1871, 400 (Straits Gibraltar); 1884, 391 (s. w. France); 
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, 319 (monogr.); Journ. Linn. Soc., xiv, 1878, 
392 (range); ed. Yarrell’s Brit. Birds, iii, 1884, 662; Illustr. Man. Brit. Birds, 
1889, 671.—GouLp, Birds Great Brit., v, 1873, pl. 78 and text.—DresseEr, 
Birds Europe, viii, 1875, 457, pl. 609.—CiarKe (W. E.), in Clarke and Roe- 
buck, Handb. Vert.*Faun. Yorkshire, 1881, 84.-SrEBoum, Hist. Brit. Birds, 
iii, 1885, 346, pl. 55 (eggs).—TaczanowskI, Ornis, iv, 1888, 508 (Poland).— 
SrevENSON and SouTHWELL, Birds Norfolk, iii, 1890, 346.—Harvir-Brown 
and Bucxey, Vertebr. Faun. Argyll, etc., 1892, 194.—Buace, Ibis, 1893, 
357 (Shetland Islands, breeding). 
@ See foot note on p. 678. 
