BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 715 
Adult male.—Wing, 188-201 (195.6); tail, 72-83 (78.9); culmen, 
32-35.5 (34.1); greatest depth of bill, 21-24.5 (22.6); tarsus, 
30. 5~33 (31.6); middle toe, 39-44 (40.9).2 
Adult female.—Wing, 194-198 (196); tail, 82-88.5 (85.2); culmen, 
33.5-35 (34.2); greatest depth of bill, 21-22 (21.5); tarsus, 32;¢ 
middle toe, 40.° ‘ 
Coasts and islands of northern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent por- 
tion of Arctic Ocean, from southern Greenland eastward to Spitz- 
bergen;? breeding, on American side, from southern Greenland south- 
ward to Nova Scotia (Bay of Fundy) and islands in Gulf of St. Law- 
rence (Mingan Islands; Bird Rocks) ; wintering from New Brunswick 
to Long Island, casually or occasionally to Virginia (Cobbs Island; 
Smiths Island, March 29, 1912; Norfolk, Oct. 15, 1886) and North 
Carolina (Lookout Cove, Feb. 15, 1890); occasional inland as far as 
Ontario (Toronto, Dec. 10, 1889; Hamilton, Dec. 9, 1893); on eastern 
side of Atlantic southward in winter as far as Azores, Canary Islands, 
Straits of Gibraltar, Italy, and Algeria. 
[Alca] torda Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 180 (s. Sweden); ed. 12, i, 1766, 
210.—GmELin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 551.—Laruam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 
-793.—Reinnarpr (J.), Journ. fiir Orn., 1854, 442 (Greenland).—Suarre, 
Hand-list, i, 1899, 130.—Forses and Rosinson, Bull. Liverp. Mus., ii, no. 2, 
1899, 51. 
Alca torda Temminox, Cat. Syst., 1807, 182; Man. d’Orn., 1815, 616; 2d ed., pt. ii, 
1820, 936; pt. iv, 1840, 581.—Mryer and Wo xr, Taschenb. Vég. Deutschl., 
1810, 439, pl.—VirttuoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., i, 1816, 381.—Pauuas, Zoogr. 
Rosso-Asiat., ii, 1826, 360.—BonarartTE, Obs. Nomencl. Wilson’s Am. Orn., 
1826, [204]; Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1828 (‘‘Synopsis”), 431.—Wesrner, Atlas, 
Palmipédes, 1828, pl. 102—Muneviie, Icon. Régne Anim., Ois., 1829-38, 
pl. 61, fig. 2—lLzsson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 642, pl. 119, fig. 1.—Breum, 
Handb. Vég. Deutschl., 1831, 1003.—Scuinz, Nat. Abbild. Vég., 1833, 374, 
pl. 130; Europ. Faun., i, 1840, 363; Nat. Vég., 1853, 223, pl. 102—Nurra.u, 
Man. Orn. U.S. and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 547.—AupuBon, Orn. Biog., iii, 
a Seven specimens. 
+ Two specimens. 
¢ One specimen. 
Great- , 
Locality. Wing. | Tail. bg ae Tarsus. oe 
MALES, 
Two adult males from Europe...........---2-eeeeeeeee 194.5 81.5 33 21.5 31.7 39 
Five adult males from eastern North America......... 196 77.9 34.6 23.1 31.5 41.6 
The two adult females measured are both from eastern North America. 
Records for Japan, ‘‘between Kamchatka and Alaska,’’ and even for coast of 
Siberia, are probably erroneous. 
