716 
BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
1835, 112, pl. 214; v. 1839, 628; Synopsis, 1839, 345; Birds Am., 8vo ed., 
vii, 1844, 247, pl. 466.—Nixsson, Skand. Faun., ii, 1835, 520—Govutp, Birds 
Europe, v, 1837, pl. 401 and text; Birds Great Brit., v, 1866, pl. 47 and text.— 
Yarre1, Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 366.—Naumann, Vog. Deutschl., xii, 1844, 
606, pl. 336.—Dzetanp, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 525.—Rzicaensacs, Natatores, 
1850, pl. 5, figs. 18-22.—Tsompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iii, 1851, 235.— 
KsaErBouiine, Danm. Fugle, 1852, 418, pl. 53, fig. 1—Watrers, Nat. Hist. 
Birds Ireland, 1853, 231.—Casstn, in Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 
901.—Barrp, Cat, N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 711.—RuinHarptT, Ibis, 1861, 15 
(Greenland).—Matmeren, Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 454 (Spitzbergen).—Morg, 
Ibis, 1865, 451 (Great Britain)—Dreianp and Grersz, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 
612.—ScHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, vi, no. 33 (Urinatores), 1867, 13.—Coizrt, 
Forh. Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1868, 193—Branpt, Mélang. Biol., vii, 1869, 
204.—Drostz, Journ. fiir Orn., 1869, 355 (Faroe Islands).—TuRNBULL, Birds E, 
Penn. and N. J., 1869, 50.—Hartine, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, 120 (n. e. 
coast North America); Handb. Brit. Birds, 1872, 70.—Brooxg, Ibis, 1873, 
348 (Sardinia).—Wriaut, Ibis, 1874, 230 (Malta).—Irpy, Orn. Gibralt., 1875, 
218; 2d ed., 1895, 394; Ibis, 1879, 346 (Gibraltar); 1883, 190 (Santander, 
Spain).—Patmsén, Journ. fir Orn., 1876, 65 (Finland).—Dresszr, Birds 
Europe, viii, 1877, 557, pl. 619.—Bav, Journ. fiir Orn., 1877, 342 (Germany) .— 
Barrows, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1877, 161 (monogr.).—BLaxKIsTon 
and Prep, Ibis, 1878, 209 (Japan).—MaynarbD, Birds E. N. Am., 1881, 497.— 
Gratro1t, Ibis, 1881, 221 (Italy).—_SrEBoum, Ibis, 1882, 383 (Onega, Russia); 
Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 375.—Bairp, BREWER, and Ripeway, Water Birds 
N. Am., ii, 1884, 472.—Lirxen, Ornis, 1885, 142 (Denmark). —SunpEvalt, 
Svensk. Fogl., iii, 1885, 983, pl. 52, fig: 2—SaunprErs, ed. Yarrell’s Brit, 
Birds, iv, 1885, 55; Illustr. Man. Brit, Birds, 1889, 679.—Drxon, Ibis, 1885, 
90 (St. Kilda).—Booru, Rough Notes, iii, pt. xi, 1886-——AmERICAN OrRNI- 
THOLOGISTS’ Union, Check List, 1886 and 2d ed., 1895, no. 32; 8rd ed., 1910, 
p. 32.—Tscuusi and Homeyer, Ornis, ii, 1886, 174 (local names).—GRr6NDAL, 
Omnis, ii, 1886, 367, 6138 (Iceland); iti, 1887, 587, 600 (etymology).—Sa1- 
vapor1, Ucc. Ital., 1887, 296.—Tarr, Ibis, 1887, 399 (Cesimbra and Ovar- 
Aveiro, Portugal).—Wesster, Auk, iv, 1887, 158 (Norfolk, Virginia, Oct., 
1886).—Brusina, Soc. Hist. Nat. Croatica, iii, 1888, 149——Kornie, Journ, 
fiir Orn., 1858, 297 (Algeria); 1893, 105 (Tunis, Algeria).—ReEm, Ibis, 1888, 
82 (Teneriffe, Canary Islands).—BisHor, Auk, vi, 1889, 149 (Magdalen 
Islands).—Rives, Cat. Birds Virginia, 1890, 41 (Cobb’s Island, 3 specs., 
winter; Norfolk, 1 spec. Oct. 15, 1886).—Fisuer (A. K.), Auk, vii, 1890, 203 
(Lookout Cove, North Carolina, Feb. 15, 1890).—Lurorp, Col. Figs. Brit. 
Birds, pt. xii, 1896 —Evans, Ibis, 1891, 83 (length of incubation; 30 days).— 
Scuatow, Journ. fiir Orn., 1891, 272 (between Kamchatka and Alaska); 1895, 
459 (w. Greenland).—Hartert, Ibis, 1892, 522 (e. Prussia): Novit. Zool., 
viii, 1901, 306 (Canary Islands).—Wa po, Ibis, 1893, 207 (Canary Islands).— 
Roruscum, Ibis, 1893, 444 (descr. melanistic variety).—Buaae, Ibis, 1893, 
358 (Shetland Islands).—Sronz, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 1894, 41 (coast 
New Jersey).—Parson and BIpwELt, Ibis, 1894, 237 (Hjemso, Norway).— 
Winttz, Canad. Rec. Sci., vi, 1895, 248 (Montreal, Quebec, Nov. 10, 1893).— 
Suarre, Handb. Birds Great Brit., iv, 1897, 106, pl. 104.—Cuapman, Bull. 
Am. Mus. N. H., xii, 1899, 223 (Holsteinborg, Greenland, June, July).— 
Harrert and Grant, Novit. Zool., xii, 1905, 99 (San Miguel, Azores).— 
Fiemina, Auk, xxiii, 1906, 441 (Toronto, Ontario, Dec. 10, 1889; Hamilton, 
Ontario, Dec. 9, 1893).—Brown (E. J.), Auk, xxix, 1912, 399 (Smith’s Island, 
Virginia, March 29, 1912). 
Alica] torda Keyszruine and Brastvs, Wirb. Eur., 1840, pp. xci, 236.—RipewaY, 
Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 18. 
