BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 727 
Adult male.—Wing, 198-215 (208.2); tail, 46-49.5 (48); exposed 
culmen, 30.5-36.5 (34.3); depth of bill at gonydeal angle, 13.5-14.5 
(14) ; tarsus, 32.5-38 (35.3); middle toe, 40-45.5 (43.6).2 
Adult female.—Wing, 198-209 (203.5); tail, 47-51 (48.9); exposed 
_culmen, 31-37.5 (35.1); depth of bill at.gonydeal angle, 18-14.5 (14); 
‘tarsus, 30.5-37 (34.1); middle toe, 41-46.5 (44.2).° 
Coasts and islands of northern Atlantic Ocean and eastward to 
Cape Chelyuskin (Taimyr Peninsula), Novaya Zemlya, Jan Mayen 
Land, Spitzbergen, etc.; in North America breeding from southern 
Ellesmere Land and northern Greenland (Cape Alexander) tonorthern- 
portion of Hudson Bay, coast of Labrador, and islands in Gulf of 
St. Lawrence (Bird Rocks); in winter southward to coast of Maine, 
etc., casually; or during severe winters, to Virginia (Cape Charles, 
Dec. 31, 1890), North Carolina (Newberne, Dec. 22 or 23, 1896), 
and South Carolina (Anderson, Dec. 19, 1896, 8 specimens), and in 
the interior to New York (Seneca Lake, Dec. 13, 1895, May, 1876, 
and Dec. 26, 1896; Orleans County, Dec. 5 and 25, 1894; Johns- 
town), Ontario (Lake Ontario, frequent in winter; near Kingston, 
July, 1897, 3 specimens; Toronto, numerous in Nov. and Dec., 
1893); Ohio (Sandusky Bay, Dec. 19, 1896, 3 specimens; Lorain, 
Dec. 25, 1896, 6 specimens; near Jefferson, Ashtabula County, Dec., 
1897), Indiana (Fall Creek, near Indianapolis, Dec. 17, 1896; Hazel- 
rigg, Boone County, Dec. 15, 1896; near Fowler, Benton County, 
Dec. 20, 1896; near Reynolds, White County, March, 1869; Iro- 
quois Township, Newton County, Dec. 31, 1896), Illinois (Picard, 
Dec. 10, 1896), Michigan (near Greenville, Dec. 13, 1894; near 
Gibraltar, Dec. 26, 1896, flock of 10), and Iowa; in Europe, south- 
ward in winter to Norway and (more rarely) British Islands. 
[Alea] lomvia Linwamvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 1380 (n. Europe; based on Lom- 
» ota Clusius, Exot., 367, etc.). 
* Catarractes lomvia Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., viii, 1861, 140, figs. 1, 4 
(monosr). 
@ Five specimens. b Four specimens. 
Depth 
Ex-_ jofbillat 
Locality. Wing. | Tail. | posed | gony- | Tarsus.| Middle 
culmen.| deal toe. 
angle. 
MALES, 7 
One adult male from Spitzbergen.......-............. 206. 5 49.5 36.5 14.5 35 45 
Four adult males from Atlantic coast of North America.| 208.6 47.6 33.7 13.9 35.4 43,2 
Fight adult males from Alaska ( U. 1. arra)......... exc| 22107 51.1 42, 4 14.6 36.7 45.9 
FEMALES, : 
One adult female from Spitzbergen.................... 204 51 36.5 13 34 45.5 
Three adult females from Greenland...........-.....-. 203.3 48,2 34.7 14.3 34, 2 43.8 
Six adult females from Alaska ( U. 1. arra)............. 217.2 51.6 38.6]. 14.4 36.5 45.9 
