784 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
FRATERCULA ARCTICA ARCTICA (Linnzus). 
PUFIIN. 
Adults in breeding plumage (sexes alike).—Pileum uniform deep 
grayish brown (deep fuscous or chetura drab) passing into light 
brownish gray on anterior portion of forehead; rest of upper parts, 
together with sides of neck and a broad band across foreneck uniform 
black, the band across foreneck, however, inclining toward color of 
pileum, the black of nape sharply defined against the dark grayish 
brown of pileum; sides of head very pale brownish gray or almost 
grayish white on loral and suborbital regions, passing into light 
mouse gray posteriorly (including supra-auricular region) the malar 
region mostly mouse gray passing into grayish white next to base of 
mandible (narrowly) but posteriorly separated from the blackish 
of neck by a space of pale brownish gray; under parts of body, 
together with lower foreneck, immaculate white; under wing-coverts 
light brownish gray; bill with basal lamina of maxilla and first ridge 
of both maxilla and mandible dull yellow, the nasal cuirass and basal 
portion of mandible grayish blue or bluish gray, the remainder 
vermilion red, the tip of mandible and terminal grooves yellowish; 
rictal rosette gamboge yellow; inside of mouth, together with tongue, 
yellow; iris light blue? or hazel brown;° eyelids vermilion red, the 
callosities bluish gray or grayish blue; legs and feet vermilion red or 
coral red.¢ 
Winter plumage.—Similar to the breeding plumage except color 
and form of basal portion of bill, color of anterior portion of sides of 
head, and other minor details; nasal cuirass and basal lamina of bill 
wanting and replaced by membrane of brownish black color; rictal 
rosette much reduced and dull purplish red instead of yellow; eyelids 
dull purplish red and destitute of the callous appendages; whole of 
loral and orbital regions blackish; legs and feet paler red. 
Young.—Similar to winter adults, but with bill much smaller, 
without grooves or ridges, and much duller in color. 
Downy young.—Plain dark sooty grayish brown, paler below, the 
breast and upper abdomen dull grayish white passing into grayish 
laterally, or, sometimes, quite abruptly. pure white. 
Adult male-—Wing, 158-168 (162.8); tail, 42-51.5 (48); culmen, 
45-53.5 (49.8); greatest depth of bill, 37-42 (39.7); tarsus, 24-29.5 
(26.4); middle toe, 35.5-42.5 (37.7).4 
@ According to Audubon. 
b According to Coues. : 
¢ These are the colors of freshly killed and living specimens; in dried skins the 
colors are, of course, very different. 
@ Fourteen specimens. 
