BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 
785 
Adult female.—Wing, 157-168 (162.9); tail, 44-53 (48.8); culmen, 
44-51 (48); greatest depth of bill, 34-40.5 (38); tarsus, 24.5-28 
(26.2); middle toe, 34.5-39.5 (37).2 
Coasts and islands of northern Atlantic Ocean; breeding from 
southern Greenland and Ungava to islands in Gulf of St. Lawrence 
(Mingan and Magdalen islands, Anticosti Island, Bird Rocks), coast 
of Maine, and on European side to Portugal (Berlengas Rocks); in 
winter southward to Massachusetts, more rarely to Long Island 
(Suffolk County, Dec. 15, 1882; Montauk, Mar. 30, 1902), eastern 
Pennsylvania (Delaware River, near Chester, 1876), Azores, Canary 
Islands, and Mediterranean Sea (Malta; Sardinia; Tunis, Algeria). 
[Alca] arctica Linnaxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 180 (Sweden); ed. 12, i, 1766, 
211.—Guetin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. ii, 1789, 549.—LatHam, Index Orn., ii, 1790, 
792 (Europe; America).—BonnaTErRE, Tabl. Enc. Méth., i, 1790, 31, pl. 10, 
fig. 3—Gray, Hand-list, iii, 1871, 96, no. 10775. 
Alca arctica Temuincx, Cat. Syst., 1807, 182.—Yarre., Brit. Birds, iii, 1843, 
362.—BESNARD, Bull. Soc. Zool. Franc., i, 1876, 88. 
Fratercula arctica Luacu, Syst. Cat. Mam., etc., Brit. Mus., 1816, 42.—STzPpuEns, 
Shaw’s Gen. Zool., xiii, pt. 1, 1826, 37, pl. 4, fig. 1—Gray, List Birds Brit. 
Mus., iii, Anseres, 1844, 132.—Dra@anp, Orn. Eur., ii, 1849, 521.—Retcu- 
ENBACH, Natatores, 1850, pl. 5, figs. 23-25.—Tuompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, 
iii, Birds, 1851, 221.—Wartrers, Nat. Hist. Birds Ireland, 1853, 233.—REin- 
HaRrDT, Ibis, 1861, 15 (Greenland),—Wricurt, Ibis, 1864, 157 (Malta).—Morg, 
Ibis, 1865, 451 (Great Britain)—Govup, Birds Great Brit., v, 1865, pl. 51 
and text.—Dr@Lanp and GEersE, Orn. Eur., ii, 1867, 608.—Covgs, Proc. Ac. 
Nat. Sci, Phila., 1868, 21 (monogr.); Check List, 1873, no. 618; 2d ed., 1882, 
no. 854; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii, 1878, 87 (molt of bill).—Cotzerr, Forh. 
Vid. Selsk. Christiania, 1868, 192.—TurnsBuLL, Birds E. Penn. and N. J., 
1869, 50.—Droste, Journ. fir Orn., 1869, 353 (Faroe Islands; habits).— 
Gray (R.), Birds West Scotland, 1871, 433.—Hartine, Handb. Brit. Birds, 
@ Fourteen specimens. 
ed peal Mia 
Locality. Wing. | Tail. | ven. | depth | Tarsus. ee 
of bill. 
“wauzs, 
Nine adult males from eastern North America (Labra- 
dor to New Brunswick).........-----.0..0 2022-02 ee 162.1 47.4 49.3 39.4 26.3 37.2 
Four adult males from southern Greenland..........-. 164.7 49.4 50. 2 40 26.2 38.6 
One adult male from Iceland..........-..-.--+-+-++-++ 161.5 48.5 53.5 41.5 27.5 38 
One adult male from Spitzbergen (F. a. naumanni)....| 177 52.5 55.5 45.5 29 43 
FEMALES. 
Eleven adult females from eastern North America 
(Labrador to Massachusetts)....-.-------+--+---+++- 162.9 48.6 48 38, 2 26.1 35. 9, 
Two adult females from southern Greenland.......... 166 48.7) 49.5] 39 26.5 38.5 
One adult female from France..............-.----+---- 157 52 45 35.5 26 37 
One adult female from Spitzbergen (F. a. naumanni)..| 175 52 52 44 28 42 
40017—19—Bull. 50, pt 8——51 
