786 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 
1872, 70.—BrooxE, Ibis, 1873, 348 (Sardinia).—Insy, Orn. Gibralt., 1875, 
218; 2d ed., 1895, 305; Ibis, 1883, 190 (Santander, Spain).—Barrows, Proc. 
Bost. Soc. N. H., xix, 1877, 153 (monogr.).—DresszR, Birds Europe, viii, 
1877, 599, pl. 625.—Burgav, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii, 1877, pl. 4 (molt of 
nuptial ornaments); iv, 1879, 8, pl. 1 (molt of nuptial ornaments).—Kum- 
Lien, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., no. 15, 1879, 103 (Gulf of St. Lawrence to Hudson 
Straits) —Ripeway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., iii, 1880, 211 (Cat. N. Am. Birds, 
no. 743; Nom. N. Am. Birds, 1881, no. 743.—Giexrto11, Ibis, 1881, 220 
(Italian records); Avif. Ital., 1886, 444, 561; Resoc. i, Avif. Ital., 1889, 658; 
Resoc. ii, 1890, 651; Resoc. iii, 1891, 511.—Mzrrtam, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 
vii, 1882, 241 (Point de Monts, Quebec; Mingan Islands, breeding).—Stzarns 
and Cougs, New Engl. Bird Life, ii, 1883, 394.—Brewster, Proc. Bost. Soc. 
N. H., xxii, 1883, 406 (Magdalen Islands, Bird Rocks, Anticosti Island, etc., 
a habits).—Batrp, Brewer and Ripeway, Water Birds N. Am., ii, 
1884, 524.—Srrsoum, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii, 1885, 364.—Dixon, Ibis, 1885, 91, 
361.(St. Kilda).—Saunpers, ed. Yarrell’s Brit. Birds, iv, 1885, 90; Ilustr. 
Man. Brit. Birds, 1889, 691.—Booru, Rough Notes, iii, pt. xi, 1886, 1, pl.— 
American OrniTHoLoaist’s Unton, Check List, 1886, and 2d ed., 1895, no. 
13.—Satvaport, Ucc. Ital., 1887, 295.—Tarr, Ibis, 1887, 399 (Portugal).— 
Durcuer, Auk, v, 1888, 171 (Suffolk County, Long island, Dec. 15, 
1882).—Brusina, Soc. Hist.-Nat. Croatia, iii, 1888, 140.—Litrorp, Col. 
Figs. Brit. Birds, pt. x, 1889.—BrisHop, Auk, vi, 1889, 145 (Magdalen 
Islands).—CuamBertaln, Auk, vi, 1889, 213 (s. Greenland).—WarreEn, Birds 
Penn., 1890, 9.—Evans, Ibis, 1891, 83 (incubation period 36 days).—Watpo, 
Ibis, 1893, 207 (Canary Islands).—Buage, Ibis, 1893, 358 (Shetland Islands, 
breeding).—Sronz, Birds E. Penn. and N.J., 1894, 40 (Chester, Pennsylvania); 
Birds New Jersey, 1902, 43 (Chester, Pennsylvania).—PEarson and Brp- 
WELL, Ibis, 1894, 237 (Hjemsé, Norway).—Scuatow, Journ. fir Orn., 1895, 
460 (w. Greenland).—Kwnieur, List Birds Maine, 1897, 15 (coast Maine, 
breeding).—Suarrr, Handb. Birds Great Brit., iv, 1897, 130, pl. 110— 
Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvi, 1898, 616, part (Labrador; Mingan, 
Quebec; Bay of Fundy; Sable Island; s. and w. Greenland; etc.).—CHap- 
man, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xii, 1899, 220 (Holsteinborg, Greenland).— 
Norton, Proc. Portland Soc. N. H., ii, 1901, 140 (Labrador; crit.), 145 
(measurements), pl. 2, fig. 4 (bill)—Harrert, Novit. Zool., viii, 1901, 306 
(Canary Islands).—Biartow, Auk, xix, 1902, 25 (coast Labrador, breeding).— 
Braistin, Auk, xx, 1903, 50 (Montauk, Long Island, 1 spec., Mar. 30, 
1902)—Harrert and Grant, Novit. Zool., xii, 1905, 100 (San Miguel, 
Azores). 
Frat{ercula] arctica Vie1tuot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xviii, 1817, 330. 
Ffratercula] arctica Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1847, 637.—Covurs, Key N. Am. Birds, 
2d ed., 1884, 802.—Ripeway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 11. 
[Fratercula] arctica SuarpPe, Hand-list, i, 1899, 133 —Forses and Rosinson, Bull. 
Liverp. Mus., ii, no. 2, 1899, 53 (British localities). 
[Fratercula] arcticus Cours, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 340. 
[Fratercula arctica] a. arctica Barrp, Brewer, and Ripaway, Water Birds N. Am., 
ii, 1884, 523. 
Fratercula arctica arctica Scuatow, Végel der Arktis, 1904, 121 (synonymy, range, 
etc.).—Hanrtzscu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1908, 143, in text, 310 (Labrador). —AmER- 
ICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ Unton, Check List, 3d ed., 1910, p. 26. 
Mormon arcticus NauMANN, Isis, 1821, 783, pl. 7, figs. 5-7—Bonaparte, Ann. 
Lyc. N. Y., ii, 1828 (‘‘Synopsis’’), 480; Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 66.— 
Nvtrtra.t, Man, Orn. U.S. and Can., Watex Birds, 1834, 542.—Ninsson, Skand. 
Faun., ii, 1835, 516.—Avupuzon, Orn, Biog., iii, 1835, 105, pl. 213; Synopsis, 
