32 HORSE-BREEDING FOR FARMERS CHAP. 
a fine one, without loss of action, their paces are 
less high but farther-reaching, quicker, sharper, and 
cleaner ; their substance has increased and the beauty 
of their contour fixed. And no longer merely light 
saddle horses, they are now adapted admirably for 
light carriage horses. 
Amongst other breeds competing seriously with 
England in the carriage horse and general utility 
class, may be mentioned the Hanoverian, Mecklen- 
burg, Oldenburg, Danish, and Prussian or East 
Prussian. All these owe their present excellence 
to English blood. The Oldenburg is perhaps the 
best breed of bay carriage or barouche horse out 
of England, and in the main owes its present excel- 
lence to three Cleveland sires introduced in 1850— 
Duke of Cleveland, Lucks All, and Astonishment. 
English horse-breeders should note that the Cleve- 
land and Yorkshire bays for the royal carriages have 
been of late years purchased in Germany—the pro- 
duce, to a very large extent, of Cleveland and York- 
shire horses and mares imported during the last 
thirty years. In the following pages .it will be 
shown that even these, the highest-priced carriage 
horses, can be bred profitably and easily in this 
country by farmers who have, at their very doors, 
the advantage of the best materials for their 
production. 
foreign Draught Breeds 
We have not much to learn from the foreigner 
with regard to the production of the best types of 
draught horses. Careful inbreeding is the secret for 
