58 HORSE-BREEDING FOR FARMERS CHAP. 
generations, they must continue, it would seem, the 
wise policy they at present pursue of admitting the 
Cleveland stallion of pedigree into their books. 
There is much less fear of their losing the special 
quality already established by indirect strains of 
Thoroughbred blood, but they may have to continue 
to admit more direct crosses of the Thoroughbred as 
time goes on. 
There are Yorkshire coaching mares so nearly 
approaching the Cleveland in build and style that 
they are admirably adapted for the farm. I know 
of Yorkshire mares in farmers’ hands that have been 
veritable gold mines to their owners. The farmer 
who desires to breed the best pairs of bay carriage 
horses should buy a couple of Yorkshire or Cleve- 
land fillies from some good strain—all the better if 
they are own sisters or half-sisters—and if they prove 
good brood mares nothing should induce him to part 
with them. Any colts off these mares will be most 
valuable. If a man has one such mare the three- 
and four-year-old colts out of it by the same sire are 
as certain to be a match pair as anything can be, 
and should sell, unbroken, for 4200 at least to the 
dealer, leaving a margin of profit (if the cost of 
rearing a horse to four years old is estimated at 
£40, and the three-year-old at £35) of 4125. 
Young horses on a farm are supposed by some 
to do no good to the land, and indeed many hold 
that they do actual harm. My experience is 
that, though they do not improve the land like 
other stock, they do it good rather than harm. I 
have two fourteen-acre fields; half of each field ten 
years ago was good old grass land, and the other 
