Iv YORKSHIRE AND CLEVELAND BAY 59 
half of each field was bad, bare, mossy, new grass 
land. For ten years these fields have been pastured 
almost entirely by horses, with an _ occasional 
meadowing of one or the other. There has seldom 
been put on to the land a single load of anything 
but the stable manure from my _ stables and 
the loose boxes in the fields. The new land 
has improved wonderfully and the old land is 
as good as ever. There are some coarse patches 
in the places where the horses stand for shelter, 
and where they have poached the land near the 
gates and boxes, but with these exceptions there 
has been a marked amelioration of the grass over 
the whole of the fields. Where cattle and sheep are 
pastured with horses there is no fear whatever of any 
harm being done,—the pastures will be eaten down 
evenly, and what is passed over by the horses will be 
eaten by the beasts and sheep. The way in which 
horses are mischievous on a farm is in gnawing the 
gates, fences, and trees, but with a little care this 
may be guarded against. Rails and gates should be 
well tarred, and where valuable trees are liable to be 
barked, a little wire netting nailed round the stem to 
the height of eight feet will protect them. It is the 
top bar of a gate that generally suffers from young 
horses’ teeth, and where the owner does not desire to 
have his gates tarred, a strip or two of metal nailed 
along the top will prevent damage being done. 
