WINTERING BEES 49 



sweet. Scarcely any dead bees were found on the cellar 

 bottom. 



The bottom illustration on next page shows how his big 

 twelve-frame colonies are piled up, having the ordinary 

 entrance and a honey-board on top. 



The sub-earth ventilator, in the diagram opposite, ex- 

 tends under the ground several hundred feet away from the 

 building wheere it comes to the surface At the other end 

 it passes under the floor of the cellar, then, up into a small 

 room in which is placed a stove. From this compartment or 

 room the. air is distributed all around the cellar by means 

 of a square wooden pipe suspended from the ceiling. Foul 

 air is taken out at the bottom of the cellar by^ means of flues 

 reaching down from the roof of the building to within a 

 foot of the cellar floor. The upper story of the building is 

 filled with hives and supers, being, in fact, the place where 

 general shopwork connected with the yard is done. 



Right here we can do no better than to give Mr. Holter- 

 mann's description. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE CELLAR. 



The bee-house is of concrete — even to the chimnej^. This has a cowl 

 on top, which veers its back to the wind to assist in getting a draft. 

 On each side of the chimney is a bo« ventilator projecting through the 

 peak of the roof. This is 12 in. square, with a slide to regulate the 

 amount of air passing- through. These shafis enter the cellar at the 

 ceiling above, and are for warm weather. The building is 50 ft. long 

 by 25 wide. The cellar walls are below the level of the ground, in order 

 to get a more uniform temperature from the earth, .and less liability for 

 moisture to condense on its walls. 



The cellar-ceiling, to secure uniformity of temperature and prevent 

 condensation, has, as seen in the perpendicular- elevation i>lan, Fig. 2, 

 G-, a tongue-and-groove floor; C, B, felt paper; D, air-space; C, 

 tongue-and-groove floor; F, floor of the cellar, is concrete. The only 

 openings from the outside into the cellar are seen in Fig. 1. From 

 B to A are two glazed waterlime-jointed tiling, coming above ground 

 just outside of the bee-house at B B, the wall going down 8 ft. into the 

 ground; then passing under the cellar-wall and floor, entering the cellar 

 at points A, A. Then there is a stairway, 0, which is covered by two . 

 doors at the level of the ground, and again closed from the cellar by two 

 doors. Through these doors the bees are brought in and out. 



D is a 12-inch glazed pipe with waterlime joints 8 ft. under ground. 

 This enters the cellar in the compartment E, a coal stove standing over 

 this opening. In this rompartment, if the air is not sufficiently tempered 

 by its passage under the ground it can be warmed before it passes into 

 the cellar. 



