66 A MANUAL OF MENDELISM 



the reds among English Shorthorns also breed true. In 

 consequence of the breeders' aversion to white, only 94 

 white Avith white matings were found, and these gave 

 89 white calves, 4 roans, and 1 red. At the same time, 

 438 red Avith red matings gave 413 reds and 25 roans. 

 Taking the chances of error into consideration together 

 with the fact that white breeds and red breeds breed true, 

 the 4 roans and the red in the first case and the 25 roans 

 in the second may be set aside with fuU confidence. They 

 represent inaccuracies of only 5*3 and 5*7 per cent. 



One hundred and thirty-five matings of white with red 

 were found. These produced 128 roans and 7 reds, and, 

 again setting aside the 7 reds as inaccuracies — 5*2 per cent. 

 - — ^the result shows roan to be a hybrid between red and 

 white. The question as to whether it is hybrid in one or 

 more pairs of characters was determined by 514 matings 

 of itself with itself, from which there resulted 278 roans, 

 152 reds, and 84 whites. These figures approximate to 

 none of the (3:1)" ratios, and, allowing for the usual 

 inaccuracies, more especially for that of the non-registra- 

 tion of whites, may be taken as being in the proportion 

 2:1:1 and showing that roan is hybrid in one pair of 

 characters only. This finding was confirmed by the 

 matings of roan with both the parent colours. 1008 

 matings of roan with red gave 521 roans, 483 reds, and 

 4 whites, while 74 matings of roan with white gave 47 

 roans, 24 whites, and 3 reds. 



It has to be mentioned that Miss Barrington and 

 Professor Pearson did not arrive at this conclusion. 

 Following the breeders' convention, which is only loosely 

 adhered to, they arranged the reds in the three cate- 

 gories " red," " red with little white," and " red and 

 white," and, crediting the Herd Book records with 



