1813-36.] EARLY EXPERIMENTAL OtTLTlTRE. 25 



nevelljr Cotton " continued to be quoted in the Liver- 

 pool market as the best in India ; and it was actually 

 sold at higher prices than the American short stapled 

 Cottons, and three-pence per lb. above the best Surats. 



Mr. Metcalfe, an American Cotton Cleaner, sent to Si 

 the Presidency, 1813 : efforts of the Madras Govern- 

 ment, 1819— 1836.— Meantime the Court 

 of Directors were anxious to extend the S^^court 

 cultivation of Cotton, and to improve the 2l^^'"'^Pi 

 condition of the wool. Accordingly, in cotto^'^Re- 

 1813, they sent out Mr. Bernard Metcalfe, p°'^ 'is^^fi'- 

 a Cotton Cleaner from Georgia and New 

 Orleans, to experimentalize with some American saw 

 gins in the Cotton growing districts of Tinnevelly, 

 Bellary, and Cuddapah. But the attempt 

 failed, as the Natives refused to give up boS^*"" 

 their time-honoured churka, for such ex- Gtovt. to 

 pensive and new-fangled machinery as the Dir^tors, 

 gin. About the same time, the Com- j|;^^^-' 

 mercial Eesidents in the service of the Cotton Re- 

 Compg,ny appear to have interested them- ^"gj^ (1836), 

 selves in the Cotton question ; for it will 

 be remembered that in those days the Company was 

 a mercantile body as well as a political power. In 

 1819, Mr. Eundall, the Commercial Resi- 

 dent in Bellary and Cuddapah, drew up fe'^?^^™'" 

 a Memorial upon Cotton cultivation, in 1,?*''^'''™*°' 

 which he urged the introduction of Cot- 1819. cot- 

 ton from Bourbon, Brazil, and New Or- (Jsg^'P^,^ 

 leans. Accordingly, the Madras Govern- 

 ment established four Cotton Farms of four hundred 

 acres each : viz. — two in Tinnevelly and Coimbatore in 

 Southern India ; and two in Masulipatam * and Viza- 

 gapatam in the Northern Circars. Each Parm was 

 placed under the direction of the Commercial Resi- 

 dent of the district. Of these the Farm at Vizagapa- 

 tam proved the most successful ; for there the Com- 

 mercial Resident, Mr. Heath, had largely profited by 

 the instructions which he had received from Mr. 



• Now included in the Godaveri district. See para. 9. 



