APPENDIX. 423 



swine erysipelas, rabbit septicsemia, and fowl cholera, all of which give 

 rise to haemorrhagic septicaemias. 



(3) Bacillus septicus agrigenus. — A bacillus found in cultivated ground. 

 On plates it grows as rounded, finely-granular colonies, with sharp outlines, 

 centre of colony light yellow, margin darker. Under the microscope it is 

 exceedingly like the bacillus of fowl cholera. In the body it adheres to 

 the red blood corpuscles, and is fatal to mice and guinea-pigs. Colonies 

 form thin films on plates and on the surface of test tube growths. 



i. Colonies colourless, form thin films on plates and on the surface of 

 tube cultures. 

 a. Cultivations odourless. 

 /3. Cultivations giving off an odour, see p. 424). 



a. Cultivations odourless. 

 (i) Bacillus acidi lactici. — Found by Hueppe in sour milk. It grows on 

 gelatine plates as small, white points, which gradually become opaque and 

 moist looking, forming a thick layer of from i to 2mm. in diameter. Under 

 the microscope these colonies appear to be dark yellow in the middle. The 

 margins are irregularly indented and toothed. In tubes, growth appears 

 as small granules along the line of puncture ; surface growth thick, moist, 

 and opaque ; grows very slowly, and in milk can only develop at a 

 temperature above 10° or 12° C, and below 45° C. ; occurs as short, plump, 

 motionless rods, I to 1.7^4 in length, and .3 to .4/* in thickness ; usually 

 arranged in pairs, sometimes, but rarely, in chains of four ; well-marked 

 refractile bodies which are regarded as spores, which are usually placed at 

 the end of the rods. 



(2) Bacillus of typhoid fever (p. 194) andPseudo typhoid bacilli (p. 202). 



(3) Bacterium coli commune. — Is found in the intestinal canal of man 

 and animals, especially at the lower end. It grows on gelatine in the form 

 of superficial colonies, from 2 to 4mm. in diameter, which are granular, or 

 may be slightly wrinkled ; in the deeper layers of the gelatine appear as 

 yellow granular discs ; grow pretty rapidly. Organism occurs as thin rods, 

 about 2 to 3/i in length, and .4^ in breadth ; sometimes it occurs as short 

 ovoid, or even rounded forms ; rods are slightly curved, and may be slightly 

 motile. When injected into the veins of rabbits or guinea-pigs, kills these 

 animals with symptoms of violent diarrhoea and fever, but guinea-pigs are 

 not quite so susceptible as rabbits. Does not form spores. 



(4) Brieger's Bacillus or Bacillus Cavicida. — Found in faeces and putre- 

 fying fluids. The growth on plates occurs as colonies 2 to 4mm. in 

 diameter, composed of white concentric rings, like the scales on the back 

 of a tortoise ; grows rapidly as dirty yellow masses on potatoes ; small 

 rods about twice as long as broad ; injected into guinea-pigs, cause death 

 in about 72 hours. They act like ordinary putrefactive bacilli, produce 

 propionic and other acids which give characteristic odour ; do not cause 

 death of rabbits or mice. 



(5) Bacillus diphtheria columbarum. — An organism separated from the 

 false membrane of the diphtheria of pigeons. The colonies are from 2 to 

 4mm. in diameter, and occur as white nodules in the deeper layers of 

 gelatine, but grow on the surface as whitish or brownish yellow films. On 

 potatoes it is sometimes difficult to distinguish it, as it is almost the colour 

 of the potato itself, having, however, a slightly greyer colour ; bacilli are 



