43° APPENDIX. 



causes slight liqueraction ; the organism occurs as an elliptical coccus or 

 diplococcus, or as a short thick bacillus ; is fatal to rabbits when pure cultures 

 are used. 



(5) Bacillus mesentericusfusctis. — On gelatine plates form whitish colonies 

 with sharp outlines, later these become yellowish brown and take on a 

 granular surface, rays running out from the periphery ; growth liquefies the 

 gelatine, especially near the surface, after a whitish opacity has grown along 

 the track of the needle ; the liquefied gelatine is at first turbid or has whitish 

 flakes floating in it ; on potatoes a smooth yellowish growth appears on 

 the first day and spreads rapidly, this soon becomes dry and wrinkled ; 

 small and short motile bacilli usually occur in twos and fours and contain 

 small refracting spores, which as a rule are somewhat irregularly arranged ; 

 colonies pear-shaped with thick processes at the pointed end, in puncture 

 cultivations like " sparks " of fluid. 



(6) Bacillus alvei. — (Cheshire and Watson-Cheyne) found in the disease 

 known as foul brood of bees. Grows on plates as small oval or pear-shaped 

 colonies, which under the low power appear to have thick processes at the 

 pointed end, presenting the appearances above described ; small lateral 

 projections make their appearance along the track of the needle in stroke 

 cultivations, these gradually curve and form well-marked circles, from these, 

 new circles or pear-shaped masses project, and so on ; the gelatine becomes 

 fluid immediately around these, forming canals, following the course of the 

 masses of bacilli ; ultimately the gelatine becomes liquefied around the whole 

 colony ; on potato the organism grows slowly in the form of a yellowish 

 deposit, best at the body temperature but even then somewhat slowly ; 

 liquefies gelatine very rapidly. The bacillus in the honey combs of foul 

 brood hives is about 3.6/t in length and .^ii in breadth; the cultivated 

 organism varies between 2.5 and 5.;* in length ; the ends of the bacilli 

 are rounded or pointed ; they are sometimes motile and form large spores 

 2.1/t in length and 1.7^ in breadth. 



(7) Bacillus mycoides (Earth Bacillus'). — Obtained from the surface 

 of tlie earth of cultivated fields or gardens. Colonies without distinct 

 centres in the form of a mass or mycelium-like network of threads ; 

 in gelatine plates we have a whitish turbidity, in which fine threads, 

 irregularly branched and interwoven, may be seen ; grows exceedingly 

 rapidly, and resembles the mycelium of a fungus, so much so that it is 

 often mistaken for one ; when they come to the surface the threads become 

 much thicker ; near the surface in needle cultures cause liquefaction of the 

 gelatine, but this is preceded by a growth of little spikes, which pass from 

 the track of the needle at right angles into the surrounding gelatine. On 

 potatoes rough granular parchment-like growths gradually spread over the 

 surface ; organisms are about the size of the anthrax bacillus, which they 

 resemble very greatly, and sometimes occur in threads ; they are motile, 

 and contain highly refractile spores, which are usually situated in the middle 

 of the bacillus ; non-pathogenic. 



j8. Colonies motile and swarming, giving rise to rapid liquefaction. 



. (1) Proteus vulgaris. — Found in putrefying organic matter, in. ulcers, in 

 meconium-fseces, in water, &c. Grows on gelatine plates very rapidly as 

 whitish-grey turbid masses which are distinguishable at the end of about eight 

 hours. From the central colony little projections pass outwards, the shape 

 of these constantly varying as the bacilli are re-arranged ; the whole surface 



